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Nine species of the genus Calypogeia Raddi are currently known from Europe: C. azurea, C. integristipula, C. neesiana,C. suecica, C. muelleriana, C. sphagnicola, C. fissa, C. arguta, and C. azorica. Recently, another species, morphologically resembling C. muelleriana but genetically distinct from it, was detected using isozyme markers. In the present study, relationships between the newly detected species (C. sp. nov.) and typical C. muelleriana were analyzed using the DNA sequencesdata of three regions from the chloroplast genome: introns of trnG and trnL genes and intergenic spacer trnH-psbA. Calypogeia sp. nov. differs from C. muelleriana s. str. (typical form) in all examined chloroplast regions. It differs as well from C. azurea, which was used as a reference species. The number of fixed nucleotide differences between C. muelleriana s. str. and C. sp. nov. is almost the same as between C. muelleriana s. str. and C. azurea. The results of the present study suggest a closer affinity of C. sp. nov. to C. azurea than to C. muelleriana s. str. in Europe, C. muelleriana s. str. was noted in Poland, Germany, Holland, United Kingdom and Azores. Samples determined as C. sp. nov., besides Poland, were so far detected also in North America.
The paper contains a list of 39 liverwort species collected on decaying wood (logs, stumps and snags) and on tree-fall disturbances (root plates, pits and mounds) in forest communities in the Karkonosze. Three of these species are threatened in Poland: Cephalozia catenulata, C. leucantha, Marsupella emarginata and three are partially protected by law: Cephalozia catenulata, Bazzania trilobata i Ptilidium ciliare. The most frequent species in the study area are: Calypogeia integristipula, C. azurea, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Lepidozia reptans, Lophocolea heterophylla, Lophozia ventricosa.
Floristic and ecological data was collected three times (in 2000, 2006 and 2011) in fifteen urban parks in Wrocław. Results were compared to determine whether bryophytes can survive in urban environments, or whether they die off because of the constant pressure of urbanization. Other questions examined include whether bryophytes remain in the same habitats, or whether they change their spatial distribution; and whether new species appear, and what is their ecology? During the eleven year study period, there were only minor fluctuations in the number of bryophytic species present, with 64 species detected in 2000, 69 species in 2006, and 65 species in 2011. There were notable changes in species composition. The average level of species exchange was 27%, but was 48% in parks in the center of the city. During the study period, 13 new species were found that had not been found in 2000. They were mainly epiphytes. Species that were found throughout the study period showed distinct dynamic trends: no noticeable changes in the number of parks on which the species was found, or in the number of notes; translocation among the various parks with no tendency to colonize; disappearance of the species; and spreading, both within the individual parks and within the whole city.
The flora of bryophytes of the landscape reserve “Wodospad Wilczki” waterfall comprises 68 species (liverworts – 22, mosses – 46). The most interesting bryophyte communities cover huge blocks and rock walls in the stream valley.
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