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Changes in perception of the rural areas from the perspective of agriculture only gave the impulse for emergence of a new direction in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU). The Leader initiative established in 1991 aims at activating rural communities and rational local resources management. Local action groups (LAG) that assume the form of agreements of three local sectors (representatives of community, entrepreneurs and representatives of authorities) are the units implementing the Leader approach. The questionnaire based survey covering 44% of the LAGs operating in Poland was conducted. Thanks to that survey knowledge of the specificity and outcomes of their work was obtained.
Subject and purpose of work: In recent years, kitchen incubators have captured increasingly larger and more sophisticated titles in the local and national press. Organised local producers have been applying for funds to build such facilities. This article aims to introduce the notion of a kitchen incubator, its functioning, as well as present its role in the local development in the food production industry. Materials and methods: The available Polish and foreign literature on the subject in question was studied. The current study was based on the analysis and observation of the kitchen incubators which are already in operation. Results: The investigations conducted have demonstrated that kitchen incubators constitute a very important element in the development of the local economy. Conclusions: The operation of kitchen incubators should be monitored so as to enhance their development.
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This paper is about evaluation of the implementation of Local Rural Development Strategies (LRDS). We have examined what the success of the seven Leader principles is, because many LRDSs could only partly achieve their goals. The mid-term review of these strategies is going on right now. So there is still opportunity to change the regulation in order to make the accomplishment of this initiative more prosperous. If the system changes in a positive way, there will be development. If the change is undesired, there will be decay or degradation. The aim of our article is to assist to the development of the new Leader Programme. By this article we would like to improve the Hungarian Leader program, which will be able to generate development in a positive way. In addition, we would like to highlight the importance of the viability which is the basic condition of operation of LAGs. As long as viability is not present in a community, it is difficult to talk about endogenous development. If viability is present in a community, the heuristic self-organisation theory needs to be adopted. Leader initiative is said to be socially inclusive. However, our research findings have shown that Leader partnerships in Hungary are not based on full inclusion, since LAGs are often characterized by male dominance and there is a danger that partnerships may be controlled by elite groups.
In the last decades global economic processes and decreasing agricultural employment have caused serious structural problems in a number of rural areas all over the EU and other developed countries as well. The main objective of this paper was to define the possibilities of Leader program 2007-2013 in those impaired micro-regions that suffered most from the decrease of employment in agriculture in Hungary during the period 1990-2003. According to multivariate statistical methods the analysed micro-regions have a strong correlation with spatial ineąualities, and the selected micro-regions lag behind concerning the necessary local resources, especially human resources. We have evaluated the implementation of Local Rural Development Strategies. It is a very current issue in Hungary, since the mid-term review of these strategies is underway right now. We have drawn conclusion that this initiative has already a significant contribution to the redressing of local problems, but some changes are necessary to be carried out to completely reach its goals and generate even more positive development.
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