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Values of selected parameters of milt from carp, Cyprinus carpio L., representing four breeding strains - the Lithuanian strain B (n = 12); the Hungarian strain W (n = 16), the Ukrainian strain Ur (n = 16), and the Polish strain 6 (n = 14) collected during the spawning season after stimulation with Ovopel (1 pellet/kg) were compared. Spermatozoa motility (%), their concentration in milt (billion/ml), total protein content in seminal plasma (mg/ml), as well as its osmolality (mOsm/kg) were determined. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase, and anti-proteolytic activity (APA) were also determined. Values obtained for the activity of the analyzed enzymes are presented in U/I. Significant differences were observed among the basic parameters of milt only in total protein content between males of the Ur and W strains (P < 0.01) and strain 6 (P < 0.05). Significant differences were not noted in the activity of LDH, AcP, or APA(P>0.05). High correlation coefficients (R = 0.862, P < 0.001 and R = 0.667, P < 0.01) between APA activity and total protein content in the seminal plasma of males from strain 6 suggest that protective proteins might constitute the main protein fraction in the seminal plasma of these fish.
Oxygen conditions were determined for rearing carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae in 33.1 ± 0.3°C. They amounted to: 96.1, 119.6 and 167.7% saturation of water with oxygen in optimal conditions 43.0 and 60.6% for the required conditions, and 23.1% for the critical conditions.
The study focuses on how to improve the potency and efficacy of a vaccine against CyHV-3 in carp fingerlings. The study material comprised the KoVax vaccine (Israel) applied through immersion (1 ml of vaccine diluted in 10 l of water) and 1 kg of carp fingerlings with individual weights of about 10 g. The immersion time was 40 minutes at different temperatures (16°C, 18°C, 20°C, 22°C). After 21 days, 50 fish from each temperature variant were infected experimentally through injections of CyHV-3 isolated from Polish carp at the same temperatures, and 50 fish were infected likewise from each group and held at a temperature of 22°C. The control group comprised fish that had only been vaccinated. The fish were held in tanks with a volume of 500 l (100 fish per tank) and were fed daily with commercial pellets. Mortality was tabulated and monitored, and the presence of the pathogen was confirmed through isolation from the gills and pronephros. The results of the study indicated that the temperature at vaccination is very important for achieving protection from CyHV-3. The highest mortality was observed in fish vaccinated at 16°C and then infected with live virus at 22°C (80%) in comparison to the group of fish vaccinated at 18°C (68%) or 20°C (40%). The fish vaccinated and infected at similar temperatures presented different levels of protection against CyHV-3. Mortality was the lowest at 22°C (20%), in comparison to that at 16°C (32%), 18°C (40%), or 20°C (38%).
The aim of the present study was to evaluate, using the microscope and computer image analysis system MultiScan, the effects of Cu (0.2 mg·dm -3) and Cd (0.2 mg·dm -3) on swimbladder inflation by common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae under laboratory conditions. The fish were exposed to metals for 30 days from hatching. The results indicate that heavy metals considerably inhibited inflation of the posterior and anterior chamber of swimbladder. Metals affected inflation of each swimbladder chamber in a different way. They reduced the rate of inflation of first (posterior) chamber, delayed the beginning of inflation of the second (anterior) chamber, and inhibited its growth. Metal exposure resulted in differences among the larvae: some of them inflated the anterior chamber, and the others failed to inflate it.
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