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1

Stress-induced changes to the flora in a geothermal field in central Italy

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Pippucci A., Lorenzi R., Spano C., Sorce C.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2015
|
tom 37
|
nr 10
The vegetation profile and the photosynthetic efficiency, oxidative damage, and stomatal conductance in the evergreen dwarf shrub Calluna vulgaris (L.). Hull was analyzed in a Mediterranean ecosystem characterized by intense geothermal activity. Among the higher plants present in the area, this species appears to be the sole to possess the ability to grow near the geothermal sources. The hot fluid springs strongly alter the environment in their proximity: the emitted water vapor, CO2, H2S, CH4, H3BO3, SO4 2-, and NH4 + partly condensate and precipitate to the soil, thus leading to its extreme acidification and nutrient depletion. Furthermore, the temperature starts to rise sharply just a few centimeters under the soil surface. Under this multiple stress, the individuals of C. vulgaris growing within a few meters from the springs showed lower photosystem II efficiency, higher oxidative damage to the biomembranes, and lower stomatal conductance than the individuals growing farther away. Drought and high air temperatures occurring in summer exacerbate these harsh conditions, but only the plants closer to the springs did undergo an acute, yet transient crisis, as shown by the analyzed parameters. These results suggest that the main factors of stress are related to the physical and chemical features of the soil, while the adverse climate conditions apparently are of secondary importance. The possible role of reduced stomatal conductivity in enhancing the resistance of C. vulgaris to this hostile environment is discussed.
2

Response of Pteris vittata to different cadmium treatments

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Balestri M., Bottega S., Spano C.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2014
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tom 36
|
nr 03
Pteris vittata is known as an arsenic hyperaccumulator, but there is little information about its tolerance to cadmium and on its ability to accumulate this heavy metal. Our aim was to analyse the accumulation capacity, oxidative stress and antioxidant response of this fern after cadmium treatments. Cadmium content, main markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant response were detected in leaves of plants grown in hydroponics for both short- (5 days) and long- (15 days) term exposure to 0 (control) 60 and 100 μM CdCl₂. In leaves, the concentration of cadmium and oxidative stress were parallel with the increase of cadmium exposure. In the short-term exposure, antioxidant response was sufficient to contrast cadmium phytotoxicity only in 60 μM cadmium-treated plants. In the long-term exposure all treated plants, in spite of the increase in activity of some peroxide-scavenging enzymes, showed a significant increase in oxidative damage. As in the long-term stress markers were comparable in all treated plants, with no clear correlation with hydrogen peroxide content, at least part of cadmium-induced oxidative injury seems not mediated by H₂O₂. Based on our studies, P. vittata, able to uptake relatively high concentrations of cadmium, is only partially tolerant to this heavy metal.
3

Calystegia soldanella: dune versus laboratory plants to highlight key adaptive physiological traits

100%
Spano C., Bruno M., Bottega S.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2013
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tom 35
|
nr 04
Coastal plants live in heterogeneous and potentially stressful environments in which multiple stress factors may coexist. Some of these constraints can induce oxidative stress with consequent damage to cell components and structures. To contrast oxidative damage plants have evolved antioxidant systems, including both enzymatic and non-enzymatic molecules. The aim of this study was to highlight main physiological traits evolved by plants to survive in coastal environment through a comparison of nutritional and physiological parameters between dune (DC) and laboratory-grown (LC) plants of Calystegia soldanella (L.), a typical dune plant. In comparison with laboratory plants, dune plants living on a soil with relatively low nutrient content, were characterised by lower total nitrogen, K? and phosphate content and by lower K?/ Na?, PO42-/Cl- and N/Cl- ratios. Pigment content was significantly higher in LC than in DC plants. Despite their higher hydrogen peroxide content and lipid peroxidation, dune plants had a membrane damage, assessed by the electrolytic conductivity method, not significantly different from that of LC plants. Phenol and ascorbate pools, glutathione reductase and catalase activities were significantly higher in dune than in laboratory plants. Although the stress level was high, coastal plants were well protected against oxidative damage and proline, phenols, ascorbate, glutathione reductase and catalase seemed to play a pivotal role in plant adaptation to the constraints of coastal environment.
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