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1

Variability of the vertebral artery origin and transverse foramen entrance level: computed tomography angiographic study

100%
Vujmilovic S., Spasojevic G., Vujnovic S., Malobabic S., Vujkovic Z.
Folia Morphologica
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2018
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tom 77
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nr 4
Background: Vertebral artery (VA), the main element of the posterior brain circulation, has many anatomical variations which generally were widely investigated. However, available data vary in wide ranges, reflecting very different sample sizes, lack of data about left-right or sex differences, and about possible ethnic, regionally specific or genetic differences. Materials and methods: Certain new findings suggest possible involvement of some environmental factors in VA variations. Accurate anatomical data about VA variations in different regions of the world, including Balkans countries, are still lacking. Therefore we investigated morphological variability of VA origin and its entrance level into cervical transverse foramina in population of Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina), including data about the sex and side. Results: Anatomy of VA was investigated in 112 persons (224 arteries) of both sexes (58 males, 54 females; age 19–83 years), using 64-slice computed tomography (CT) scanner. Origin of VA from subclavian artery (SCA) we found in 95.08% of arteries (52 males, 49 females). Only in 1 (0.45%) male left VA and left SCA had an specific origin from aortic arch (AA), which we named as an “common area of origin”. All other observed variations in origin were only of left VA, originating from AA in 4.47% (5 males, 5 females). Left VA most often (usual) entrance level into transverse foramen we found at C6 (87.5%), followed by C5 (8.93%), C4 (3.12%), and in 1 case at level C7 (0.45%). Entry levels at C5, both on right and on the left side, were three times more frequent in males than in females. Conclusions: Wide ranges of differences between the data we obtained on a sample in Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and the data from many other studies require further and wider investigations. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 4: 687–692)
2

Sex differences of human corpus callosum revealed by polar coordinate system: magnetic resonance imaging study

86%
Spasojevic G., Malobabic S., Mikic D., Vujnovic S., Pilipovic Spasojevic O., Malikovic A.
Folia Morphologica
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2015
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tom 74
|
nr 4
Background: Evaluation of morphological and size changes related to various pathological conditions of the corpus callosum (CC) requires the data about sex dimorphism of the CC. The purpose of our study is to define potential morphological sex differences of the CC by the use of polar coordinate system as a system of measurements. Materials and methods: After division of the CC into three equal segments by the use of polar coordinate system, we investigated the length of the hemisphere (A-A’), the CC size as its midsagittal section area (CCA), the size of its segments (C1, C2, C3), thickness of the thinnest part of the CC (TCC) and the angular coordinate (α angle) of dorsal point of the TCC in a sample of 30 human brains magnetic resonance images (15 males and 15 females, age 20–50 years). Results: We found significantly larger CCA, C3 segment and the TCC in males. Statistically significant correlation in both, males and females, was found between parameters of the CCA and of all of its segments (C1, C2, C3), the C1 and C2, the C2 and C3 segments, as well as like as between the C2 and TCC. Sex differences were also in findings of significant correlation between the C1 and C3 segments, between CCA and TCC, and of significant negative correlation between the α angle and A-A’ only in females. Conclusions: We concluded that the use of polar coordinate system appropriately reflects the anatomical and encephalometric characteristics of human CC. (Folia Morphol 2015; 74, 4: 414–420)
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