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Immuno-bioinformatic approach for designing of multi-epitope merozoite surface antigen of Babesia bigemina and evaluation of its immunogenicity in inoculated calves

100%

Ul Rehman Z., Suleman M., Ashraf K., Ali S., Rahman S., Rashid M. I.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

2023

tom 26

nr 3

Babesiosis is a parasitic disease caused by intraerythrocytic parasites of the genus Babesia, which infect both wild and domestic animals. Merozoite surface antigens (MSAs) have been identified as efficient immunogens in Babesia-infected animals. MSAs play a key role in the invasion process and have been proposed as potential targets for vaccine development. Epitope-based vaccines offer several advantages over whole protein vaccines as the immunogenic proteins are small and can induce both Th1 and Th2 immune responses, which are desirable for protection. However, the MSA, particularly gp45, is polymorphic in Babesia bigemina, posing a challenge to vaccine development. The purpose of this study was to develop a recombinant gpME (gp45-multi-epitope) for a vaccine against Babesia bigemina. B-cell, T-cell, and HLA epitope predictions were used to synthesize the gpME sequence from the consensus sequence of gp45. The gpME sequence was synthesized and cloned in the pET28α vector through the commercial biotechnology company to get pET28-gpME. The plasmid cloned with the gpME sequence comprising 1068 bp was expressed in a bacterial expression system. A band of 39 kDa of rec-gpME was obtained via SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Rec-gpME @200ng was injected in calves 3 times at 2 weeks interval. The humoral response was evaluated through the indirect ELISA method. The ELISA with rec-gp45 protein showed a significant value of optical density. The recombinant protein containing multiple epitopes from the MSA gp45 may represent a promising candidate for a vaccine against Babesia bigemina.

Detection of naturally occuring mixed infection ofTheileria lestoquardiand Theileria annulatain buffalo, in Pakistan

100%

Khan A. R., Ali S., Shah Z. A., ur Rahman S., Akbar H., Rashid M. I.

Annals of Parasitology

2025

tom 71

Theileriosis caused by Theileria lestoquardi (malignant ovine theileriosis) in sheep and Theileriaannulata (topical theileriosis) in cattle, is a tick-borne hemoprotozoal disease that causes major economic losses inanimal production caused by a tick-transmitted haemoprotozoan Theileriaspecies, infecting various domestic and wildanimals. It is a threat to the buffalo population in Pakistan due to high mortality rates and economic losses. Extensivemixed farming in Pakistan poses threats due to mixed infections and increased mortality rates. The current case reportdescribes the mixed infection and characterization of Theileria lestoquardi with Theileria annulatain a buffalo raisedin a mixed farming setup, in Pakistan. A 6.5-year-old female buffalo presented at the Outdoor Hospital exhibitingswollen sub-scapular lymph nodes, pale mucous membranes, a high fever (41.5°C), dullness, depression, shortness ofbreath, and a decrease in milk production. Investigation through microscopy, hematology, and PCR confirmed that thebuffalo was suffering from theileriosis. A Giemsa-stained thin blood smear showed piroplasms indicating theileriosis.Hematological analysis of the blood revealed lower values for hemoglobin and red blood cells (RBCs), while highercounts of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes were observed during the infection. The PCR performed on theblood sample was positive for Theileriaspp. using RLB universal primers and T. annulata-specific primers. Thesequence revealed similarity with T. lestoquardireported in Pakistan, Iran, Tunisia, and India. The buffalo was treatedwith Bupralex®and Oxtra LA®at a dosage of 1ml/20kg of body weight I/M, respectively, along with supportivetreatment. Despite these interventions, the animal died probably due to damage to cardiac muscles. This study reportsthe first case of T. annulatamixed infection with T. lestoquardiin a buffalo in Punjab, Pakistan. It can be concludedthat mixed farming exacerbates the epidemiology and spread of ovine malignant theileriosis and mortalities possiblydue to cardiac arrest in mixed infections.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Annals of Parasitology

1 Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

2 Ali S.

2 Rashid M. I.

1 Akbar H.

1 Ashraf K.

1 Khan A. R.

1 Rahman S.

1 Shah Z. A.

1 Suleman M.

1 Ul Rehman Z.

1 ur Rahman S.

1 2025

1 2023

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Immuno-bioinformatic approach for designing of multi-epitope merozoite surface antigen of Babesia bigemina and evaluation of its immunogenicity in inoculated calves

Detection of naturally occuring mixed infection ofTheileria lestoquardiand Theileria annulatain buffalo, in Pakistan