Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 13

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
4
63%
The article presents the essence and importance of internal audit as well as the incentives to use it in forest companies. The research utilizes the database of enterprises, which submitted their offers in the process of the best bid selection during the procedures of public procurement in the field of forestry (forest management, forest protection including fire prevention, timber harvest and loggong, soil preparation, nursery works and seed collection) for years 2012−2016 in Regional Directorate of the State Forest in Gdańsk (N Poland). The database consisted of 103 firms that participated in 75 tender procedures in 15 forest districts. Basing on the analysis of tenders for forest services, an activity of forest companies was assessed, with the emphasis on companies fulfilling the requirements of the Reliable Forest Enterprise certification. Furthermore, the tenders criteria were evaluated taking into account their number, type and weight. In the analyzed procedures following criteria were used: price, execution of works only by employed staff (logging and extraction, tree cutters and machinery operators as well as supervisors), fulfilling the requirements of Reliable Forest Enterprise certificate, supervisor with forestry education, experience of the company (value of completed services), and ownership of specialized equipment (multi−task machinery, horses). Certain weights were attributed to all of the above mentioned criteria. The analysis of companies activity showed, that the noticeable decrease in number of offers for tenders in 2016 is a reaction to a new tender criterion – Reliable Forest Enterprise certificate, with the assumed weight of 20%. Another relatively new criterion was the condition, that all persons used to carry out the forest works had to be contractually employed by the company. Both these criteria decreased the weight of price criterion by average 30% comparing to previous years. The presence of these new criteria increased the number of non−price criteria by average of 1 comparing to previous years, and contributed to the unification of non−price criteria used in Regional Directorate of the State Forest in Gdańsk.
Modern forestry management should be based on the principle of sustainability.In order to preserve habitat productivity, the amount of nutrients removed from the environment along with forestry products must be taken into consideration. This study shows the exact concentrations of chemical elements in different tree parts of Scots pine, growing on poor soils in north-western Poland. The observedvalues were compared to the values found in literature. In addition, the relationship between the concentrations of elements and stem diameter or stand density was researched. The highest concentration of chemical elements was observed in the needles (C, N, P, K, Mg, S, Mn, Na, Fe) and the lowest (C, N, P, S, Cu, Na, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe) in the stem wood. Most of the macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg and S) reached optimal values, with the exception of N showing a deficiency, especially in the needles. The relationship between the content of elements and DBH or stand density was rather weak, and in both cases, negative.
The amount of timber extracted from Polish forests is expected to increase in near future. The most common equipment for timber extraction is an agricultural tractor with a trailer equipped with a hydraulic crane. The research was carried out in the Wymiarki Forest District (Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Zielona Góra) in the third (TP1) and fourth age class (TP2) in Scots pine stands, during extraction of timber from thinning. Extraction was carried out using BELARUS MTZ 1221.2 agricultural tractor with PALMS 120 forest trailer equipped with PALMS 700 hydraulic crane. The scope of the study was to conduct time studies of extraction process and to estimate the extraction productivity as well as time and fuel consumption. Working time was measured by stopwatch, while the forwarding distance was determined with measuring wheel. The exact number of logs in each load was established. Average volume of each log and each load was calculated. The dominant work time category was effective working time 74.78% (TP1) and 73.60% (TP2), while the prevailing work task was loading 56.82% (TP1) and 58.99% (TP2). In older stands, the extraction productivity was higher than in younger ones reaching 11.28 and 9.62 m³/h, respectively. Statistical analysis proved that extraction distance significantly affect productivity and time consumption. With increasing extraction distance productivity decreases and time consumption increases. Fuel consumption was exactly the same in younger and older stands (0.52 l/m³).
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.