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The influence of orexin-A on spontaneous activity of the intergeniculate leaflet neurons - in vitro studies

100%
Pekala D., Blasiak T., Lewandowski M. H.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2007
|
tom 67
|
nr 3
2
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The responsiveness of the rat intergeniculate leaflet neurons to glutamatergic agonists

100%
Blasiak A., Pekala D., Lewandowski M. H.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2007
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tom 58
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nr 4
The intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) has been shown to be a functional constituent of the circadian timing system. The IGL receives a monosynaptic input from the retina and is known to mediate some of the effects of light on the circadian clock. In the majority of retinal ganglion cells, glutamate functions as an excitatory neurotransmitter. The effect of monosodium glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), on the extracellularly recorded discharge activity of IGL neurons was studied in vitro. The application of monosodium glutamate induced either an excitatory, a biphasic or an inhibitory response. Application of NMDA induced an excitatory response in the majority of tested neurons. To determine the role of NMDA receptors in the response to glutamate application, the selective antagonist of NMDA receptors- AP-5, was applied to the incubation medium. The presence of AP-5 reduced the response of the IGL cells to focal application of glutamate and completely blocked their responsiveness to NMDA. To clarify whether GABAergic interneurons are involved in mediation of the inhibitory effects of glutamate, we repeated our experiments in the presence of bicuculline in the incubation medium. Since bicuculline did not influence the observed inhibitory effects, the involvement of GABAA receptors was excluded. The present study provides the first electrophysiological evidence that neurons in the rat IGL, respond to glutamate probably through NMDA receptors. However, our results also suggest that other types of glutamate receptors may play an additional role in mediating the action of this excitatory amino acid on the IGL neurons.
3

The influence of orexin B on the activity of the intergeniculate leaflet neurons

76%
Pekala D., Blasiak T., Zabicka E., Pawlowska K., Pietrajtis K., Lewandowski M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2009
|
tom 69
|
nr 3
The most known function of the intergeniculate leafl et (IGL) is regulation of circadian rhythms by integration of photic and non-photic cues and conveying this signal to the site of main oscillator – suprachiasmatic nuclei. Information about nonphotic cues enter the IGL from various brain nuclei, including those involved in regulation of sleep/wake states. Hypothalamic peptides – orexins has been implicated in numerous physiological functions including maintenance of arousal and wakefulness. Since it has been shown that fi bers containing orexins are distributed in the area of the IGL, the orexinergic system may constitute one of the possible candidate to transmit non-photic/arousal related cues to the IGL. Using the immunohistochemical and electrophysiological recording techniques we evaluated the innervation of the two major types of the IGL neurons by fi bers containing orexin B (OXB) and its infl uence on the activity of the IGL cells. Experiments were performed on brain slices, obtained from adult male Wistar rats, using extracellular single unit recordings. For each individual neuron, after reaching the stable baseline activity, the OXB (1 μM) was applied by local pressure injection. Administered drugs evoke an increase in the fi ring rate of the IGL neurons. Obtained data are in agreement with the results of our immunohistochemical staining revealing the presence of orexin fi bers in the area of the IGL.
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