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The subject of the paper is remote sensing as a control method performed under the so called 'on-the-spot' checks, which are an element of the Integrated Administration and Control System. This method enables substantial reductions of administrative costs and a more comprehensive use of collected data. The question answered in the paper is whether the existing regulations in Poland provide for a wide application of this method. The analysis of relevant Polish legislation and control procedures used by the competent authority (the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture) shows that the current regulations do not provide for the use of remote sensing as a rightful control method. To change that would require convergence and a greater interoperability between the Land Parcel Identification System and the Polish cadastre system, as well as a change in the philosophy of the on-the-spot checks. A temporary measure could be a set of new practical guidelines, addressed to both farmers and contractors performing the checks and concerning a number of land use aspects and control requirements.
The subject matter of these considerations concerns functions of the cross compliance within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). References to this principle are found in many legal acts, both in the first and the second pillar of CAP. The author discusses cross compliance in view of the functions of agriculture. In conclusion the author states among other things that cross compliance does not directly concern the primary function of agriculture, i.e. production of goods to be sold on the market, paid for using market prices or the resulting revenue function, connected with the livelihood of farmers. The basic function of cross compliance is to contribute to the provision of public goods by agriculture. The most important such goods include protection of the natural environment and assurance of food safety. Cross compliance also contributes to the creation of public goods of social and recreation nature. An essential function of cross compliance, although not resulting directly from the respective legal regulations, is also to justify the Common Agricultural Policy, both on the international scale and for the European community.
The aim of the paper is to present to the reader the Spanish experience on the introduction and maintenance of the geographical information system for Common Agricultural Policy and to find out whether and to what extent this experience might be used in Poland. The paper contains an analysis of the Spanish normative framework of the SIGPAC system, established under the royal decree 2128/2004 of 29 October 2004 on the regulation of geographical information system of agricultural parcels. In addition, the article gives an overview on the provisions of the decree by Catalonian Autonomous Community (issued by the Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Activity) No 245/2008, which regulates in details the way the system is used within its territory. Among the solutions which might be of greater interest for Poland the Author points at the legal mechanism clarifying inconsistencies between the SIGPAC system and property cadastre and also the procedures and methods for system up-date. Further on, the paper underlines the scope of public access to data kept in the system.
Tests performed in 2013 and 2014 revealed the occurrence of three tick species parasitizing pet cats and dogs in the Wrocław Agglomeration. In total, 1,455 tick specimens were removed from 931 hosts (760 dogs and 171 cats) in 18 veterinary clinics. The dominant tick species was Ixodes ricinus (n=1272; 87.4%), followed by I. hexagonus (n=137; 9.4%) and Dermacentor reticulatus (n=46; 3.2%). Females were the most often collected development stage among I. ricinus and D. reticulatus, and nymphs among I. hexagonus. Additionally, D. reticulatus ticks (n=337) were then collected from vegetation in the Wrocław area to detect Babesia canis; however, none was found positive. Only 9.0% of dog blood samples sent to VETLAB were positive for Babesia spp. Negative results for B. canis from ticks may result from the short period of the occurrence of D. reticulatus in the Wrocław area and therefore the vectorpathogen cycle may not have been fully established at the time of the study. Nevertheless, D. reticulatus is expanding its range, and the size of its population in the Wrocław Agglomeration is increasing. The presence of the pathogenic Babesia spp. combined with the occurrence of its main vector¸ D. reticulatus, suggests that the epizootiological situation in the area can change and may pose a new veterinary problem in the future.
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