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It is clear that physical activity, holistically, is linked with several positive factors through the life course. There exists a large evidence base for physical activity quantity, yet there has been little integration of physical activity qualities, and whilst quality is a nebulous term, recent developments in literature suggest it may be a viable measure in the characterisation of physical activity. The purpose of the study was to comprehensively review the development towards a measure of physical activity quality. ‪A review of literature was conducted using online databases: Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar. A narrative review was subsequently prepared on the topic and development of physical activity quality. ‪Quantitative assessment of movement quality shows promise in the evaluation and measurement of physical activity, particularly in relation to motor development, fundamental movement skills and body mass indices. ‪Whilst measures of movement quality display promise, this is a burgeoning field of research contributing to physical activity literature, and as such, these measures must be refined, developed and investigated further.
Physical training can be classified into three main types: endurance, resistance, and patterned movements. The first two of them have a significant impact on muscle phenotype and metabolism while patterned movement exercises concern changes in a motor program in the central nervous system and result in only slight changes in muscle tissue. Adaptation to endurance versus resistance training in most aspects is extremely different. Due to the mutually opposite nature, in classical training systems, endurance and resistance exercises are very often separated. Nowadays, in sport as well as recreation and rehabilitation it is postulated to combine both types of exercises. Because of this, the very important question arises as to how combined workouts including strength and endurance exercises will affect the body. An even more important question concerns the proportions of both types of exercises, their intensity and duration. Therefore, defining safe and effective training systems can be beneficial not only for athletes but also for the prevention of civilization-related diseases and aging effect.
Nicotine addiction is a serious medical and societal problem; making smoking cigarettes one of the most prevalent contributors to premature death, globally, and any avenue to facilitate smoking cessation is of vital importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6-week health-oriented and/or concentration training programme on cardiovascular parameters and aerobic capacity in 118 young female smokers. This study found that combined health-oriented and concentration training resulted in greater improvements in VO₂max and blood pressure, as compared to concentration training alone; whilst resting values of heart rate (HR) decreased significantly after a 6-week process of aerobic and concentration training. Exercise and concentration training positively influenced smoking cessation and cardiovascular parameters in young females.
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