The investigations were carried out in 2001-2003 at the Horticulture Experimental Station, University of Agriculture in Szczecin. The influence of truss cutting and application of Ethrel preparation on the flowering and acceleration of ripening of small-sized tomato fruit was studied. The experiment focused on the following factors: methods of acceleration of tomato fruit ripening (truss cutting, Ethrel preparation, truss cutting + Ethrel preparation) and tomato cultivars ('Cheresita F1', 'Favorita F1'). The applied methods had no influence on the number of flowers and germs of the small-sized tomato. The truss cutting increased the percentage of set fruits compared to the number of flowers. The application of Ethrel preparation along with truss cutting significantly increased the early yield of tomato fruits. The Ethrel and truss cutting accelerated the small-sized tomato harvesting by 12 days. Cv. 'Cheresita F1' produced a larger number of flowers, germs and fruits than 'Favorita F1'.
The studies performed in 1997 - 1999 have shown that herbicides such as Azotop 50 (simazine, 6-chloro-N, N-diethyl-l,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) in the dose 1 kg ha- 1 or Afalon 50 WP (linuron, N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)N-methoxy-N-methylurea) in dose 1.5 kg ha-1 or its mixture with Dual 960 EC (metolachlor, 2-chloro- N(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl) acetamide) in dose 1.5 1 ha-1 applied in early spring significantly decreased number of weeds in nursery of sour cherry trees cv. Lutówka budded on Prunus mahaleb L rootstocks as compared with mechanical weed control. Both, Azotop 50 and Azotop 50 in mixture with Dual 960 EC eliminated weeds for the longer period than Afalon 50 WP and Afalon 50 WP with Dual 960 EC. Herbicides did not affect tree trunk diameter (at 30 cm. from the ground level), the number and total length of shoots of one-year-old sour cherry trees in comparison with mechanical control of weeds.
In many countries, the traditional method of growing shallots from bulbs is replaced by direct seeding in the field or by planting seedlings. The availability of shallot seed with high parameters of the sowing value is an important condition for growing shallot in larger areas. It is possible thanks to the progress in breeding and introduction into cultivation of new cultivars that produce seed stalks and seed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the sowing value of seed of the true-breeding cultivar ‘Toto’, when this seed is obtained by planting steckling bulbs (bulb-to-seed method) and by using the seed-to-seed method. This study, conducted in the period 2010–2012, was to evaluate some important characteristics of the seed quality obtained by planting different diameter bulbs (20–60 mm, 4 fractions every 10 mm) in autumn and spring and from seedlings planted in summer (third 10-day period of July and first and third 10-day period August). The quality of shallot seed was evaluated taking into account the following parameters: 1000 seed weight (TSW), germination energy and capacity as well as vigour tests (seedling growth test and seedling growth rate test). Shallot cultivation method had a large effect on 1000 seed weight, but it only slightly affected germination capacity and vigour of seed obtained. Larger seeds were obtained from bulbs, regardless of their planting time, compared to the cultivation method involving planting seedlings in summer. The diameter of bulbs used for planting at autumn planting time proved to be an important factor for TSW, germination energy and the traits determining seed vigour. In the case of this planting time, seed obtained from large bulbs with a diameter of 40–60 mm was distinguished by the best quality. The study did not show such a correlation for seed derived from spring bulb planting.
The results obtained in this study shown that depth of planting significantly affected the yield. The trees planted of the place of budding 7 cm under the ground gave about twice lower yield per tree and hectar and growth the more stranger than others planted upper. Depth of planting had no significantly effect on fruit quality. Fruit mass and percent of fruits with upper 75% of coloured surface were more (significantly) influnced by weather conditions in different years.
W latach 2004-2007 w szkółce produkcyjnej przebadano wpływ trzech różnych terminów formowania pni o wysokości 50 cm na wzrost drzewek wiśni odmiany ‘Łutówka’. Zastosowane sposoby formowania pni nie wpływały istotnie na średnicę pni na wysokości 30 cm, wysokość okulantów oraz długość i liczbę pędów w koronie. Trzykrotne usuwanie zielnych pędów syleptycznych powodowało istotne zwiększanie masy liścia w porównaniu do jednorazowego późnego zabiegu. W oparciu o uzyskane wyniki badań w przypadku odmiany ‘Łutówka’ należy polecać do praktyki częste pensowanie zielnych pędów rozpoczynane w okresie utworzenia pierwszych 5-6 pędów syleptycznych. Ten sposób formowania pni jest łatwy w wykonaniu, a pozostawione po pędach zielnych 1-2-centymetrowe czopki żółkną i opadają dając zupełnie gładki pień.
Laser stimulation is a non-expensive and environmentally safe way of the improving of seeds quality. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of He-Ne laser irradiation on the germination parameters of scorzonera seeds. Seeds were characterized with different quality expressed by germination capacity. Experimental material consisted of 4 lots of scorzonera seeds having initial germination capacity between 50.8 and 93.0%. Seeds were treated with laser He-Ne light of surface power density of 3 mW·cm-2 and the time of exposition of 0 (control), 1, 5, 10 and 30 minutes. After pre-sowing stimulation of seeds the following parameters were estimated: germination energy, germination capacity, mean germination time, speed of germination, hypocotyl length, length of radicle, fresh and dry weight of seedling, field emergence, mean emergence time and speed of emergence. Pre-sowing laser treatment resulted in increasing of the several parameters such as germination energy, germination capacity, speed of germination, hypocotyl and radicle length, as well as fresh and dry weight of seedlings. Laser light stimulation was the most effective in the case of low quality seeds (initial germination capacity of 50.8%). Irradiation of the seeds belonging to this group also resulted in the increase of the seedling emergence and the speed of emergence.
Over a three-year period (1997-1999) investigations were conducted on the effect of 6 date of cut to the stub on tree trunk diameter, height and branching of sour cherry maidens in the nursery. On the Prunus mahaleb seed1ing rootstock were found no significant influence of the date between January, 15 - March, 30 of eut to the stub on growth of sour cherry maidens cv. 'Łutówka' (tree trunk diameter and branching) and efficiency of nursery. The date of cutting in 15 April decreased trunk diameter and percent of the first qua1ity trees.
Niektóre czynniki fizyczne, tj. pole magnetyczne, pole elektryczne, światło lasera He-Ne, są wykorzystywane w rolnictwie jako zabiegi uszlachetniania nasion. Badania wykazały, że mogą one wpływać na wzrost zdolności kiełkowania, przyspieszenie i zwiększenie równo-mierności wschodów oraz zwiększenie plonowania roślin uprawnych. W doświadczeniach badano zwykle wpływ tych czynników fizycznych na nasiona dobrej jakości. Tylko nieliczne badania dotyczą nasion gorszej jakości. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu pola magnetycznego, pola elektrycznego i światła lasera He-Ne na kiełkowanie nasion rzodkiewki, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem nasion starych. Materiałem do badań były nasiona 6 partii rzodkiewki odmiany ‘Mila’ o zdolności kiełkowania od 78,8 do 97%. Ich wiek wynosił od 1 do 7 lat. Ponieważ długość życia nasion rzodkiewki wynosi 6-7 lat, nasiona 7-letnie uznano za stare. Stwierdzono, że reakcja nasion rzodkiewki na stymulację zmiennym polem magnetycznym, zmiennym polem elektrycznym i światłem lasera He-Ne była uzależniona od ich jakości. Stymulacja starych nasion (o zdolności kiełkowania około 80%) wpłynęła istotnie na wzrost energii i zdolności kiełkowania, skrócenie czasu potrzebne-go do wykiełkowania 25% i 50% ogólnej liczby kiełkujących nasion oraz średniego czasu kiełkowania jednego nasiona. Nasiona rzodkiewki wysokiej jakości, tj. o zdolności kiełkowania powyżej 90%, nie wykazały pozytywnej reakcji na działanie zastosowanych czynników fizycznych. Stymulacja nasion zmiennym polem magnetycznym, zmiennym polem elektrycznym i światłem lasera He-Ne wpłynęła korzystnie na wzrost suchej masy siewki.
During seven years of study, only in 2001 year cv. Jonagold had significantly more flowers on the trees budded on M.9 rootstock than on M.26, and cv. Red Boskoop flowering was significantly stronger on M.26 than on M.9. During all period of observation, rootstocks did not influence significantly the flowering intensity of cv. Gloster. In orchard with hight density of trees (2460 szt. × ha-1), the first symptoms of irregularity of flowering were observed in the 8th year (1998) after plented. In 2002 year all trees in the experimental orchard did not flowered. In our condition the bevstyielding observed for diploidal cultivar Gloster.