Ograniczanie wyników

Czasopisma help
Autorzy help
Lata help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 58

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 3 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 3 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
Examinations were carried out in 46 intensive farms in northern China to investigate avian Chlamydophila psittaci. Five hundred and twenty-five avian sera were selected for examining antibodies to C. psittaci by ELISA. One hundred and fifty-five clinical samples from throat swabs and oviduct tissues were tested for the presence of chlamydial antigen using IDEIA™ PCE chlamydia dual amplification immunoassay, and 60 samples were tested by ompA gene-based PCR. C. psittaci antibodies were detected in 387 (77.8%) out of 525 serum samples, with seroprevalences ranging from 50% to 100%. Among the tested samples, 98/150 (65.3%) in broilers, 173/210 (82.3%) in ducks, and 116/165 (70.3%) in laying hens were detected to be positive, respectively. Using PCE-ELISA test kits, in 91 out of 155 clinical samples the presence of antigen was confirmed, while 64 samples were negative. Forty-three PCR's were tested as positive out of 60 samples, while 17 samples were confirmed to be negative. Both higher positive antibodies and the presence of antigens were found in avian flocks associated with typical clinical signs suggestive of chlamydiosis. This study showed a severe prevalence of C. psittaci among different species of domestic birds in China.
Bone displays suppressed osteogenesis in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been clearly explained. To identify the gene expression patterns in the bone, we performed Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array with RNA isolated from mouse femurs 4 h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. The gene expressions were confirmed with real-time PCR. The serum concentration of the N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP), a bone-formation marker, was determined using ELISA. A total of 1003 transcripts were upregulated and 159 transcripts were downregulated (more than twofold upregulation or downregulation). Increased expression levels of the inflammation-related genes interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were confirmed from in the period 4 h to 72 h after LPS administration using real-time PCR. Gene ontogene analysis found four bone-related categories involved in four biological processes: system development, osteoclast differentiation, ossification and bone development. These processes involved 25 upregulated genes. In the KEGG database, we further analyzed the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, which is strongly related to osteogenesis. The upregulated bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and downregulated inhibitor of DNA binding 4 (Id4) expressions were further confirmed by real-time PCR after LPS stimulation. The osteoblast function was determined through examination of the expression levels of core binding factor 1 (Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) in bone tissues and serum PINP from 4 h to 72 h after LPS administration. The expressions of OC and Cbfa1 decreased 6 h after administration (p < 0.05). Significantly suppressed PINP levels were observed in the later stage (from 8 h to 72 h, p < 0.05) but not in the early stage (4 h or 6 h, p > 0.05) of LPS stimulation. The results of this study suggest that LPS induces elevated expressions of skeletal system development- and osteoclast differentiation-related genes and inflammation genes at an early stage in the bone. The perturbed functions of these two groups of genes may lead to a faint change in osteogenesis at an early stage of LPS stimulation. Suppressed bone formation was found at later stages in response to LPS stimulation.
Celosia plumosus L. is one of the most common gardening plants worldwide. The C. plumosus L. transformation system established by other research team should be useful for modifying physiological, medicinal, and horticultural traits. Though morphological modification of C. plumosus L. would be critical in terms of its commercial value, few attempts have been reported until now. In modification of gardening plants, many potentially useful genes that are involved in the pathways associated with flower and plant morphology have been cloned. Transcription factors regulating plant development and biosynthetic or regulatory genes involved in plant hormones are common candidates. KNAT1, isolated from Arabidopsis, is a knotted1-like homeobox (knox), and it is expressed in the shoot apical meristem and not in determinate organs. Previous reports have indicated that ectopic expression of KNAT1 in Arabidopsis changes simple leaves into lobed leaves or rumpled leaves. Therefore, this transcription factor might regulate plant morphology. In this work, we constructed the binary vector pBIN-pMD-18T, which contained the GFP and KNAT1 coding sequence, and transformed them into C. plumosus L. plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Our results show that the KNAT1-GFP fusion protein was selectively located in the nucleus of roots and leaves, consistent with a potential function as transcription factor reported by other research teams. We observed that some 35S:KNAT1-GFP plants display lobed or rumpled leaves, partite leaves. Moreover, overall plant morphology was altered in extreme phenotype category, i.e., dwarfed. Together, these morphological modifications of C. plumosus L. can have potential practical applications.
A heteropolysaccharide, named L2, from Lentinula edodes has been proved to possess immunostimulating and anti-ageing activities in previous studies, but its acting mechanism was not completely understood. In this study, 1 H NMR spectroscopy approach was employed to investigate the metabolic profi les of the urine from adult mice after L2 intervention. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), 22 potential biomarkers were found to be mainly involved in some metabolic pathways: amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, urea cycle and gut microbiota metabolism. Among them, the signifi cantly altered metabolites include: elevated glutamate (75%) and creatine (64%); decreased proline (65%), betaine (58%), fucose (63%) and dimethylamine (59%). In conclusion, the present data is helpful to understand the mechanisms related to previously confi rmed immunomodulation and anti-aging effects of L2, and provide valuable information for mining new functions of L2.
The passenger domain gene of PmpD of swine Chlamydophila abortus CP 16 was amplified, subcloned into the pet-32a(+) vector, then sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The target protein was identified by Western blotting. It was demonstrated by sequence analysis that the passenger domain gene of Pomp18 contained 1317 bp that encoded a protein of 439 amino acids. The homology of the target gene was found to be 97.0%, 97.0%, 97.2% , 52.6%, 44.6%, and 87.5%, respectively, identical to that of the CPD13, S26/3, 1B, TW-183, TW-396, and CAL-10 strains of C. abortus. The recombinant 65.3 kDa protein was identified by both SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. A positive reaction was observed with swine positive serum, while neither sheep serum nor avian serum reacted with the target protein. In conclusion, the passenger domain of PmpD gene was at first cloned and expressed successfully. The recombinant protein showed the species reaction and might play a major role in C. abortus infection.
Using two different inbred lines of Momordica charantia (bitter gourd), Y-106-5 and Z-1-4, the cell membrane stability, leaf water potential, pigment contents and the chlorophyll a fluorescence were investigated with different low night temperature (LNT) treatments over a 7 day time period and the sequent a 7 day recovery. Under LNT treatments, electrolyte leakage increased in both inbred lines and it increased more significantly in Y-106-5 plants than that in Z-1-4. The content of Chl b and total Chl decreased, while the Chl a/b ratio increased in stressed plants of the two lines. Almost all LNT treatments induced little change in Chl a content in Z-1-4 whereas obvious decreases in 5 and 8°C treated Y-106-5 plants were observed. Chilling changed the water status of plants and induced decreases of leaf water potential (LWP) in 5 and 8°C treated plants. LNT treatments also resulted in changes in the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in bitter gourd leaves. The potential PSII activity (Fv/Fo) was reduced obviously by LNT stress and showed more sensitive to LNT than the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm). The efficiency of open PSII centers (F'v/F'm) exhibited a slight decrease whereas the photochemical quenching efficient (qP) was affected more seriously by LNT stress in both two inbred lines. The allocation of energy was rearranged by LNT stress. The light fraction used for PSII photochemistry (P) was reduced, while that used for heat dissipation (D) and the third fraction of absorbed light defines excess energy (E) increased due to the chilling stress. The impacts of LNT stress on bitter gourd generally increased with the number of LNT chilling and the severe night chilling. Plants were little affected by 12°C night chilling and the most acute damage was found in 5°C night chilling treatments. A 7 day recovery mitigated the adverse effects of LNT for both lines and almost all LNT treated plants restored to control levels except 5°C night chilling treated Y-106-5 plants. The two lines have a variance in tolerance to LNT stress and display obvious differences of phenotypes under extreme conditions.
To investigate ecological risks and spatial distributions of heavy metals in atmospheric particles in the Beijing urban area, atmospheric dust was collected from 62 sites and 12 heavy metals in their <63 μm fractions were measured. Results indicate that V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Ba in the dust are basically unpolluted by human activities; whereas Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Pb are moderately to heavily polluted. These metals (not including Ba) in most dust show a high ecological risk (RI = 809 ±585, ranging 291-4,848), predominantly contributed by Cd (71%) and Sb (14%). Relatively higher risks mainly occur in the eastern and northwestern urban areas. The high risks in the east are caused mainly by Cd pollution associated with coal-burning and industrial and traffic activities, while those in the northwest are caused mainly by Sb pollution associated with point pollution sources and Cd pollution from traffic activity. This is significant for controlling atmospheric heavy metal pollution over the Beijing urban area and investigating atmospheric metal pollution in other cities.
Limited information is available for how soil compaction affects carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux under different tillage systems. To improve understanding of the effects of compaction and tillage on soil CO2 efflux, an incubation study consisting of no tillage (NT), moldboard plow (MP), and ridge tillage (RT) was conducted to explore the relationships between CO2 efflux and bulk density, as well as pore size distribution under different levels of bulk densities, and the thresholds of bulk density and the volume of pore size above which CO2 efflux were affected in northeast China. Results showed that there was a significantly negative correlation (r = -0.990, p<0.05; r = -0.986, p<0.05; and r = -0.992, p<0.01, respectively, for NT, MP, and RT) between CO2 efflux and bulk density, whereas the correlation was significantly positive (r ranges from 0.75 to 0.85, p<0.05 for each tillage practice under bulk densities of 1.0-1.6 g/cm3) for the volume of small macropores (30-100 μm). The critical value of bulk density for impeding CO2 efflux was more produced in 1.6 g/cm3 and the volume of small macropores affected CO2 efflux variation greatly. Ridge tillage is a better tillage practice for impeding soil CO2 efflux than no tillage, as evidenced by the lesser volume of small macropores.
Temporal and spatial changes of calcium distribution in rice central cells were studied ultracytochemically by potassium antimonate precipitation. Before anthesis the calcium level was quite low. Calcium increased remarkably just after pollination and then decreased again gradually. Calcium precipitates were localized in the polar nuclei, including the nucleolus and nucleoplasm, and the cytoplasm surrounding polar nuclei. In the large central vacuole the calcium amount was negligible, though pollination-independent calcium elevation occurred in the chalazal region of the vacuole. During fertilization, abundant calcium was found in the fusing sperm and polar nuclei. Fertilization-induced calcium accumulation in the micropylar region of the central vacuole appeared after fertilization and during early mitosis of free endosperm nuclei. No obvious change of calcium level was observed in emasculated but unpollinated central cells, and in this case the level was much lower than in pollinated central cells. Calcium was also localized in the antipodal cells, embryo sac wall and nucellus, and no change was observed in these places before and after pollination.
The aphid subgenus, Tuberolachnus (Tuberolachniella) Hille Ris Lambers et Basu, 1966 is newly recorded from China. A new species, Tuberolachnus (Tuberolachniella) macrotuberculatus sp. nov. is described. The types are deposited in Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
An entropy-cloud model is proposed to deal with soil heavy metal pollution assessment based on entropy and cloud model theory. Parameters of the cloud model of each heavy metal level are calculated with the chosen indicators, and hybrid entropy weights are determined based on Shannon entropy and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to generate an entropy-cloud model of all indicators. Certainty degrees of each level are calculated by the entropy-cloud model, and the fuzzy entropy of certainty degrees is calculated to indicate the complexity of heavy metal pollution. Heavy metal pollution of 10 farmland soils in mining areas is assessed by the entropy-cloud model. Comparative studies with variable fuzzy sets, artificial neural network, and normal cloud model show that the entropy-cloud model is effective and intuitive, which can assess the soil heavy metal pollution from two aspects of level and complexity. Different from other methods, this model provides a new way to assess soil heavy metal pollution.
Flowback fluids from the hydraulic fracturing process that contain high levels of metals may pose environmental risks. This laboratory study investigated the remediation potential of Phragmites australis to sequester Ba and Sr from flowback liquids. The results indicated that reeds can uptake different concentrations of Ba and Sr from solutions. Roots were the main tissues for metal storage, with 12.26±0.58 mg/g Ba and 2.92±0.12 mg/g Sr sequestered in roots from solutions that contained 80 mg/L Ba and 20 mg/L Sr. The more metals in solutions, the more metals that entered the biomass. Reed, which possesses strong adaptability to different conditions and environments, is a good candidate to clean heavy metal-contaminated water or soil via phytoremediation. Field research on metal accumulation in reeds cultured in flowback liquids is needed to further prove its potential to in situ remediation of a heavy metal-contaminated environment.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 3 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.