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The aim of food irradiation is the preservation or hygienization of food products for storage. In some countries sterilization of food products by radiation is being now proceeded for hospital purposees. Depending on the purpose radiation technology for preserving food products may be applied in different dose ranges. Delay in postharvest fruits ripening, inhibition of sprouting (onion, garlic, potato), and control of insectpests, and parasites in food products may be achieved at low doses (up to 1 kGy). Irradiation of food with moderate doses (1-10 kGy) partly inactivates bacteria, moulds, and yeasts, resulting in prolonged food storage. High doses (10-50 kGy) of ionizing radiation are used for food sterilization. Irradiated food is neither radioactive, carcinogenous, nor mutagenic. The legislative regulations accepting the use and determining conditions of food irradiation technology have been introduced in 38 countries.
Sensory sensitivity of 1378 students was evalueted in the tests of taste, odor and color discrimination. Seventy seven and half per cent of students passed the test of taste discrimination, 74,5% the test of odor discrimination and 89,3% the test of color discrimination. Statistically significant effect of sex on the results of all tests was found. Women identified better the samples of tastes, particularlly sour and bitter, odors and colors than men did. The results obtained by smokers were worse than those obtained by non-smokers in all tests, however, statistically significant differences were found only in the test of color discrimination. The time of day and the declared feeling of students did not affect statistically the results of the tests. Since considerable number of alumni of the faculties of veterinary medicine may fail to meet the requirements of so-called „sensory minimum” (approx. 46%), the results of the evaluation of a sensory sensitivity should be taken into account during qualification of veterinarians for the work in the veterinary food inspection service.
The purpose of the work was to compare the growth rate of Salmonella cells in unirradiated and irradiated samples of cured meat, inoculated following irradiation, and stored under room temperature. The samples of pork were cured with the addition of 0 and 156 mg/kg sodium nitrate, pasteurized for 30 min at 70°C, irradiated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 kGy, inoculated with S. enteritidis or S. typhimurium and incubated at 20°C. The number of the bacteriae was determined after 0, 1, 2 and 3 days of storage. The findings demonstrated that: a) Sodium nitrate at a dose of 156 mg/kg decreased the growth rate of the bacterial cells in cured meat, b) Irradiation of cured meat without NaN02 had no effect on the growth rate of salmonellae, c) A high dose of irradiation (10—50 kGy) of cured meat with the addition of 156 mg/kg sodium nitrate led to a faster multiplication of the bacterial cells in the samples under study.
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