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Complexastraea i Thecosmilia z astartu Polski

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Opracowano kilka gatunków korali należących do rodziny Montlivaultiidae Dietrich, zebranych w górnej jurze obrzeżenia Gór Świętokrzyskich. Okazy z Bukowej pochodzą ze środkowego astartu, a okazy z Sobkowa, Sulejowa i okolic Kodrąbia - z górnego astartu. Opisano 6 gatunków korali ,w tym 2 nowe : Complexastraea sobkoviensis n. sp. i C. carinata n. sp.
Four species of Scleractinia: Pseudodiplocoenia oblonga (Fleming), Ellipsasteria gracilis n. gen., n. sp., Edwardsastraea tisburiensis n. gen., n. sp. and Ebrayia dightonthomasi n. sp., from the uppermost Portlandian of Tisbury, west of Salisbury, Wiltshire, England, are here described. The histological structure of the skeleton of Pseudodiplocoenia oblonga, preserved in silicified colonies is presented.
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Cylismilia nom. n. (Scleractinia, Jurassic)

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The generic name used lor an early Kirameridgian coral from Dobrogea, Cylindrosmilia Roniewicz, 1976 (type species: Cylindrosmilia cylindrica Roniewicz, 1976 is preoccupied by Cylindrosmilia Quenstedt, 1880 (type species: Cylindrosmilia reticulata Quenstedt, 1880) from the late Kimmeridgian of Nattheim. It was Wells’ list of coral generic taxa published recently (1987) which recorded this nomenclatural irregularity. To avoid the homonymy a new name Cylismilia (type species: Cylindrosmilia cylindrata Roniewicz, 1976) is here proposed to replace Cylindrosmilia Roniewicz, 1976. The new name has been obtained by shortening of the original one.
Genus Thamnoseris differs from the Jurassic representatives of Fungtastraea Alloiteau, 1957, in having extratentacular-intercalicular gemmation instead of intratentacular or extratentacular-marginal gemmation, and in its trend towards synapticulotheca formation; there seem to be differences in microstructure and/or histology between the two genera. Thamnoseris differs from Kobyastraea Roniewicz, 1970, in its porous septa, papillar columella, and vesicular endotheca. Three species of Thamnoseris of the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian are described from the Holy Cross Mts. Poland: Th cf. frotei Etallon, Th. cf. blauensis Koby and Thamnoseris sp.
The first description of early Norian coral fauna from the Northern Calcareous Alps (Dachstein Plateau and Gosaukamm), Austria, is presented: 31 scleractinian species from 24 genera (including three corals not formally determined), and three hexanthiniarian species belonging to two genera. The stratigraphical position of the main part of the fauna discovered in the South Dachstein Plateau at the Feisterscharte is determined by means of the conodont Epigondolella quadrata (Lacian 1); single finds are from the horizons with Epigondolella triangularis and Norigondolella navicula (Lacian 3), and one close to the horizon with Epigondolella cf. multidentata (Alaunian 1). Rare corals from the Gosaukamm are from the Lacian 1 and Alaunian. Five species are described as new: Retiophyllia vesicularis, Retiophyllia aranea, Margarosmilia adhios, Hydrasmilia laciana; one new genus and species from the family Coryphylliidae, Margarogyra hirsuta; one new genus and species, Thamnasterites astreoides, cannot be assigned to a family. Two hexanthiniarian species, Pachysolenia cylindrica and Pachydendron microthallos, known exclusively from the Tethyan lower Norian, represent stratigraphically valuable species. A regularly porous coral from the family Microsolenidae, Eocomoseris, which up to now has only been known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous, is here identified from the Triassic strata (originally described as Spongiomorpha [Hexastylopsis] ramosa). Predominant taxa show solitary and phaceloid (pseudocolonial) growth forms and an epithecal wall; pennules−bearing corals are common. Carnian genera and genera typical of the Lacian and Lacian–early Alaunian prevail; a hydrozoan genus Cassianastraea has also been encountered as well as a scleractiamorph coral, Furcophyllia septafindens). The faunal composition contrasts with that of well known late Norian–Rhaetian ones, the difference being observed not only at the generic but also at the family level. The post−early Norian change in coral spectrum documents the turnover of the coral fauna preceding that at the Triassic/Jurassic boundary.
A new generic name, Cycliphyllia, is here proposed as a replacement name for Cyclophyllia Roniewiecz, 1989 (type species: Thecosmilia cyclica Schaefer et Senowbari-Daryan, 1978, Upper Triassic). The latter is a junior homonyme of Cyclophyllia Milne-Edwards et Haime, 1848 (type species: Cyclolites cristata Lamarck, 1801, Cretaceous), an invalid name, which is a junior synonyme of Aspidiscus Koenig, 1825 (Milne-Edwards 1857: t. 2, p. 386). This regrettable error has been noticed thanks to the List of generic names by Wells (1986). As a consequence of the above change, the orthography of the family name Cyclophylliidae Roniewicz, 1989 is here corrected into Cycliphylliidae.
On a décrit le nouveau genre Kobyastraea avec l’espèce typique Thamnastrea lomontiana Étallon, 1864, ainsi que deux autres espèces classées jusqu’à présent parmi Thamnasteria Lesauvage, 1823, mais qui, suivant l’auteur, doivent être attribuées aussi au nouveau genre Kobyastraea. Les espèces décrites proviennent du Jurassique supérieur du Jura et de la bordure des Monts de Sainte-Croix (Góry Świętokrzyskie) en Pologne.
Est décrit un nouveau genre, Actinaraeopsis (Actinacididae) représenté par deux espèces provenant des calcaires de l'Oxfordien supérieur, affleurant dans lia bordure des Monts de Sainte-Croix, Pologne.
Sont décrits des Madréporaires provenant de l'Oxfordien supérieur et du Kimméridgien inférieur de la bordure des Monts de Sainte-Croix (Góry Świętokrzyskie). Ils représentent 69 espèces (12 nouvelles), réparties en 33 genres, dont 3 nouveaux; 66 espèces sont des formes coloniales, et 3 - des formes simples. Plus de 60% d'espèces coloniales ont la structure rameuse, ou plus ou moins lamellaire. Chez quelques unes des études sur le bourgeonnement ont été effectuées. Les formations madréporiques du Jurassique supérieur des Monts de Sainte-Croix sont constituées essentiellement de Coraux (généralement en position de vie), associés aux Algues (Solénopores) et accompagnés d'une faune, plus ou moins abondante, de Mollusques, Échinodermes et Brachiopodes, englobés dans des sédiments pélitiques ou organodétritiques. Dans ce milieu les colonies de Coraux ne formaient que de basses touffes et d'étendus bancs.
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Four Malmian corals of different microstructures have been described: Thamnasteria concinna, Dimorphastraea sp., Actinaraeopsis exilis and Isastraea cf. bernensis. Aragonite coral tissue being preserved, histological observations have been initiated. Taxonomical value of microstructure and histology, as decisive for suprageneric division, is confirmed. In four discussed species, trabeculae are of a branched morphology and non-sclerodermitic structure. Each species represents a different variety of trabecular histology. A restricted significance of synapticulae for taxonomical purposes is confirmed. Are described vertical adtrabecular bars, a new skeletal element, in Th. concinna.
Amphiastraeina are connected with their presumed ancestors, Permian Polycoeliidae, by a transitional link - Triassic corals of the family Pachythecalidae Cuif, 1975. During the early Jurassic they differendiated into a few phylogenetic lines and developed certain structural patterns of corallites homeomorphic with those of Rugosa, which had not been, however, recognized in their ancestral group (lonsdaleoid septa/dissepiments, gemmation). Four families are recognized: Amphiastraeidae Ogilvie, Donacosmiliidae Krasnov emend. Roniewicz, Carolastraeidae Eliášová, and Intersmiliidae Melnikova & Roniewicz, fam.n. The earliest Amphiastraeina are described from the ?Hettangian-Sinemurian through the Bajocian and the Callovian of South-East Pamir. One new genus, Prodonacosmilia Melnikova is distinguished.
Two forms of ahermatypic corals, Caryophyllia salinaria (Reuss) and Vielicyathus zejszneri gen. et sp. n. are described from Middle Miocene salt-bearing sediments of the Wieliczka and Bochnia salt mines. The corals are thought to have been redeposited penesynchroneously into the salinary basin by means of sedimentary gravity mass movements.
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Fossil Flabellum (Scleractinia) of Antarctica

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A new ahermatypic scleractinian coral, Flabellum rariseptatum sp.n., belonging to the Flabellum thouarsii-group of species, has been described from Tertiary glacio-marine sequence of the Cape Melville Formation cropping out at the King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.
Syntypes of Lithodendron dichotomum Goldfuss are reexamined. The following Middle and Upper Jurassic species of the genus Cladophyllia Milne-Edwards et Haime, 1851 are revised: C. minor Beauvais, 1975, C. conybearei Milne-Edwards et. Haime, 1851 and C. dichotoma (Goldfuss, 1821), and C. cf. excelsa (Koby, 1988) is described. Genus Schizosmilia Koby, 1889 is regarded here as a later subjective synonym of Cladophyllia. Some corals described under the name of Schizosmilia are recognized as representatives of the new genus Apocladophyllia with the type species A. nowaki sp.n. The genera Cladophyllia and Apocladophyllia represent a new Jurassic/Cretaceous family,, Cladophylliidae fam.n., suborder Stylinina Alloiteau, 1952.
The Mesozoic families Microsolenidae, Latomeandridae, Synastreidae and Cunnolitidae basically differ from the Recent fungiids, with which they had traditionally been classified due to their having synapticulae and porous septa. We propose a new suborder Microsolenina for these families because their members possess collar-like structures (pennulae of Gill 1967) spaced along the trabeculae, tending to merge into more or less continuous flanges parallel to the septal distal margin, distributed on each face of the septa. The fungiids, having trabeculae with granulations set off from the trabecular axis towards interseptal space (vepreculae of Jell 1974), are closest to the faviids from which they probably derived.
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Adult stages of wall ontogeny of fossil and Recent scleractinians show that epitheca was the prevailing type of wall in Triassic and Jurassic corals. Since the Late Cretaceous the frequency of epithecal walls during adult stages has decreased. In the ontogeny of Recent epithecate corals, epitheca either persists from the protocorallite to the adult stage, or is replaced in post-initial stages by trabecular walls that are often accompanied by extra-calicular skeletal elements. The former condition means that the polyp initially lacks the edge zone, the latter condition means that the edge zone develops later in coral ontogeny. Five principal patterns in wall ontogeny of fossil and Recent Scleractinia are distinguished and provide the framework for discrimination of the four main stages (grades) of evolutionary development of the edge-zone. The trend of increasing the edge-zone and reduction of the epitheca is particularly well represented in the history of caryophylliine corals. We suggest that development of the edge-zone is an evolutionary response to changing environment, mainly to increasing bioerosion in the Mesozoic shallow-water environments. A glossary is given of microstructural and skeletal terms used in this paper.
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