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First findings of the non-native slug Deroceras panormitanum from the Czech Republic are reported. First anatomically identified specimens were collected in a greenhouse in SW Bohemia. In N Moravia the species was however found in a natural habitat already in 1996.
For five populations of Bythinella from Bulgaria the shell, penis, and female reproductive organs are figured and briefly described. 27 sequences of COI (mtDNA), and 14 of ITS-1 (rRNA) are used to infer phylogenetic relationships among the studied populations and five Central European Bythinella species. All five studied populations belong to the same species: B. hansboetersi Glöer et Pestic 2006, which is morphologically and molecularly distinct from B. austriaca earlier reported from Bulgaria. NCA analysis for the COI data revealed a pattern of restricted gene flow with isolation by distance.
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The checklist of 245 mollusc species known so far from the Slovak Republic is presented, plus 11 species limited to greenhouses or thermal waters. Critical comments on species erroneously mentioned in recent publications from Slovakia are included.
The first records of Oxychilus hydatinus (Rossmässler, 1838) from Slovakia are reported. The material was identified based on a detailed comparative study of shell morphology and internal structure of penis. The Slovak sites represent the northernmost occurrence of this species.
Although present since the mid 19th century, the introduced snail species Cepaea nemoralis has spread extensively in Göteborg, mainly in the last two decades. Early samples show the predominance of yellow-shelled morphs, but in modern populations pink shells predominate. There is great variation in morph frequencies among modern populations with high values of F ST , and with no relationships to habitat. The patterns shown resemble those seen in Sheffield (UK), a city also colonised over a similar time period, but differ from those seen in regions where the species has been established for much longer. The combination of early and recent records suggests not only that founder effects play a large part in determining morph frequencies, but that present populations derive from multiple colonisations from different sources.
The second site of Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier) was found in Poland in 2010. It is a treeless alkaline fen located close to the village of Czarny Dunajec (Nowy Targ region, S. Poland). The site is the north-western extension of the Western Carpathian distribution of the species, being more than 30 km away from the previously known Polish site near Niedzica village and also from its known sites in Slovakia. The first recent record of Pupilla pratensis (Clessin) in Poland was found in the north-eastern most part of Poland close to the border with Lithuania, in the vicinity of the village of Rowele. It is an extension of the species' distribution in NW. Europe and also the eastern most known record of this taxon. Both species are exclusive inhabitants of calcareous fensand fen meadows, highly endangered and mostly isolated, and deserve attention of nature conservation agencies.They seem to be very rare in Poland, because no further population was documented at 25 suitable alkaline fen sites sampled mainly in 2010 and 2011 across the southern and eastern part of Poland.
105 samples of Cepaea nemoralis (L.) were made in rural locations around the city of Wrocław in 2008-10. Variation in the shell colour and banding polymorphism showed no relationship to habitat, nor were there any large-scale geographical patterns. In some morphs, there were strong frequency correlations between samples close to one another, but these never extended beyond 20 km, and usually involved much shorter distances. Relative to populations within the city, these populations vary more among themselves, but are individually less polymorphic. Linkage disequilibria in common between city and country suggest a common origin. These results suggest that rural populations have a more recent origin, and that they are more isolated from one another than those in the city. A process of recent passive dispersal by humans, with some local spread appears to account for the pattern of variation observed.
61 sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI), 570 bp long, from Central Europe (8), Slovenia (2), and from the Balkans (51: 6 from, Romania, 15 from Greece, 15 from Bulgaria, 6 from Serbia, and 9 from Montenegro), 33 of them new, together with 61 sequences of the ribosomal 18S, 450 bp long, all of them new, were analysed to infer the pattern of radiation of Bythinella in the Balkans. Thirty two nominal taxa of Bythinella (22 nominal species: B. austriaca, B. calimanica, B. charpentieri, B. compressa, B. dacica, B. dispersa, B. grossui, B. hansboetersi, B. luteola, B. micherdzinskii, B. molcsanyi, B. nonveilleri, B. pannonica, B. pesterica, B. radomani, B. rhodopensis, B. robiciana, B. schmidti, B. slaveyae, B. srednogorica, B. taraensis and B. viseuiana; one nominal subspecies: B. austriaca ehrmanni; and nine Greek species not yet described) were included, represented mostly by paratypes or at least topotypes, collected at 31 Balkan localities. The phylogeny, inferred on the combined data set with the ML approach, showed two large clades, although they were weakly supported. One of them comprised the Romanian and Montenegro populations, and one Serbian population, the other (less genetically diversified) consisted of one Serbian and all the Bulgarian/Greek populations. The origin of those two clades was dated, with the external data, to be more than 4.341±0753 MYA old, thus its origin was assigned to isolation by the Dacic Basin (part of Paratethys). All the Bulgarian populations presumably belong to one species, which may be assigned to the recent recolonisation of this territory from the south.
91 mollusc species were recorded from 92 sites in the Bukovské vrchy Mts (Slovakia) as a result of the recent malacological research, combined with earlier published and unpublished data. The most important communities of predominantly East Carpathian species occur throughout the deciduous woodlands dominated by beech. The mollusc communities are characterised by low numbers of individuals dispersed over large areas. Rich malacocoenoses are confined to scattered favourable habitats, such as well vegetated base-rich seepages, landslide scars and water-logged depressions, as well as at fresh calcareous outcrops or screes. A detailed snail succession from Holocene slope sediments at the Krivoštianka (Humenské vrchy Mts) provides the most complete record from the Slovak East Carpathians and is the most detailed yet published from this region. The mollusc succession differs from the standard faunal developmental pattern of Central Europe due to the absence of a considerable number of common Central European species, whose succession is well known at present.
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120 mollusc species (50% of the Czech Republic mollusc fauna) were recorded from the Rychlebské Hory (Czech Republic, Silesia), as a result of the recent malacological research of 33 sites, combined with earlier published and unpublished data.The most diverse communities were those of forest valleys and old limestone quarries.New isolated sites of Helicella itala (Linnaeus) (the easternmost occurrence) and Chondrina clienta (Westerlund) were found.Based on the revision of Helicellinae of this region we think that Cernuella neglecta (Draparnaud) should be deleted from the list of Polish gastropods.The previous single record was a result of confusion with H. itala.The ecological and zoogeographical composition of the mollusc fauna confirms the transitory character of the Rychlebské Hory.
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