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A change of B-chromosome frequencies in the population of Apodemus flavicollis (Melchior, 1834) from Cer mountain in Yugoslavia was studied. Five samples were collected during 1989. Specimens with Bs were present in all samples with frequencies ranging from 0.22 to 0.39. Differences between frequencies of animals with Bs in successive samples were not statistically significant. The change in the population size (n) was positively correlated with variation in frequency of animals with Bs (rp = 0.81), but negatively with frequency of Bs per B carrying animals (rp = -0.65). A analysis of variance of external body measures and some cranial characters showed no significant differences between animals with and without Bs.
The presence of B chromosomes in the yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis (Melchior, 1834) was analyzed in 320 adult animals from four localities in Yugoslavia. Our aim was to assess the effects of B chromosomes on certain morphometric charac­teristics. The characters that were chosen are included in the taxonomic discrimination of this particular species as well as the sibling species Apodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758). B chromosomes were found in all the localities with frequencies ranging from 21.6% to 42.9%. It was ascertained that different frequencies of animals with B chromo­somes change the slope of the regression curve of the length of foramina incisiva (FI) relative to the distance from the 3rd upper molar to the incisor (IM3). This finding questions the validity of use of this relative value in taxonomy without taking into consideration karyological data. It was also established that the relative length of the tail (the body/tail ratio) significantly increase in the presence of B chromosomes. As this index demonstrates significant geographic variability the result could be taken as a trend only.
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