Background: Uraemia leads to a number of metabolic and hormonal disorders including defective carbohydrate metabolism. Endocannabinoids exert their effect on insulin and glucagon secretion via activation of specific receptors named CB1 and CB2. For this reason and the absence of reports on location and immunoreactivity of CB1, CB2 receptors compared to immunoreactivity of insulin- and glucagon-secreting cells in experimental uraemia, the author decided to investigate this issue. The aim of the present study was the immunohistochemical localisation and evaluation of cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2), insulin and glucagon in the pancreatic islets of uraemic rats. Materials and methods: Fragments of the rat’s pancreas were collected 28 days after surgical resection of one kidney and removal of 70% of the other kidney cortex. Paraffin-embedded sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical reactions were performed with the use of a specific antibody against CB1-, CB2-receptors, insulin and glucagon. Results: It was revealed the decreased immunoreactivity of the CB1 receptor and higher intensity of the immunohistochemical reaction against CB2 receptor as compared to the value in the control animals. Significantly higher immunoreactivity of glucagon-positive cells and weaker immunoreactivity of insulin-positive cells were observed in pancreatic islets of uraemic rats. Conclusions: The obtained results indicate the involvement of cannabinoid receptors in the pathomechanism of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, associated with abnormal secretion of hormones by the α and β cells in uraemia. (Folia Morphol 2020; 79, 3: 469–475)
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