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1

Morphological changes in duodenal epithelium of Japanese quail after chronic cadmium exposure

100%
Cigankova V., Almasiova V., Holovska K.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2010
|
tom 19
|
nr 2
275-282
Our study investigated morphological changes in enterocytes of adult Japanese quails that were given cadmium (CdCl₂) perorally and individually by tube, dissolved in water at a dose of 0.24 mg Cd per animal per day, for 57 and 118 days. The aim of our study was to observe chronic effects of cadmium on the structure of duodenal epithelium by means of light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). On day 57, following peroral administration of cadmium, necrotizing enterocytes were found in the apical part of intestinal villi and their occurrence was only sporadic. Particularly on day 118 following cadmium administration, we were able to observe clusters of 2-3 necrotizing cells in the apical part of intestinal villi. However, the structure and ultrastructure of goblet cells was normal. The most notable finding in ultrastructure of all enterocytes of treated animals was the damage to cell organelles. Mitochondria and cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum were more or less damaged and the cytoplasm contained flocculent material, particularly in the basal part of enterocytes. Some enterocytes exhibited signs of necrosis, shrivelled nucleus and damaged organelles within the markedly electrondense cytoplasm. Microvilli on the apical surface of these enterocytes were damaged and disintegrated. Junctions between cells of the intestinal epithelium were disturbed, and a present of intracellular plaques associated with the adhering and occluding junctions was observed. Cadmium caused the formation of gaps within the specialized junctional complexes, and injury to enterocytes results in the breakdown of the intercellular attachments and the sloughing of the injured cells into the intestinal lumen.
2

Morphological changes in the liver and the response of antioxidant enzymes after turkeys’ chronic exposure to cadmium

100%
Holovska K., Sobekova A., Almasiova V., Cigankova V.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2013
|
tom 22
|
nr 5
We observed the effect of cadmium (Cd group) and cadmium+zinc (Cd/Zn group) in the liver of turkeys after a 71-day exposure. The experimental birds were divided to three groups; control group (Control), group exposed to cadmium (group Cd) as CdCl₂ (aqueous solution, 0.5 mg/kg feed); and group Cd/Zn exposed to the same dose of cadmium as Cd group plus zinc as ZnSO₄ (aqueous solution, 90 mg/kg feed). Light and electron microscopy revealed pronounced changes in the liver of turkeys from the Cd group, such as hyperaemia, dilatation of sinusoids and accumulation of inflammatory cells, including macrophages, heterophils, and lymphocytes in sinusoids. Necrotizing hepatocytes were observed sporadically. The ultrastructural changes included swollen mitochondria with injured cristae, dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and damaged intercellular contacts between hepatocytes. In the Cd/Zn group, Zn was not able to completely protect the liver, but the changes were less pronounced. The specific activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly increased in the Cd group. Glutathione peroxidase was significantly increased in all experimental groups. In the Cd/Zn group, zinc co-administration had a protective effect on the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Exposure of turkeys to cadmium did not affect the content of TBARS in the liver.
3

Antioxidant enzyme activities in liver tissue of chickens fed diets supplemented with various forms and amounts of selenium

89%
Holovska K., Holovska K., Boldizarova K., Cekonova S., Lenartova V., Levkut M., Javorsky P., Leng L.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences
|
2003
|
tom 12
|
nr 1
4

Effect of hypodynamy on structure and enzymatic activity of duodenal enterocytes of Japanese quail

76%
Cigankova V., Zibrin M., Lenhardt L., Almasiova V., Holovska K., Skrobanek P.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2007
|
tom 51
|
nr 1
The effect of hypodynamy on the structure, ultrastructure, and enzymatic activity of the duodenal enterocytes of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) was studied. On the second day after hatching, 42 chicks were placed in individual slings suspended by a flexible metal device in such a manner that their legs could not touch the floor. Feed and water was provided ad libitum. The experimental animals were euthanized at 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d of age. The birds of control group were kept under standard conditions on the floor. Samples of the duodenum were routinely processed for a light microscope (LM) and also a transmission electron microscope (TEM), along with the determination for alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity. Morphological changes in enterocytes of chicks reared under hypodynamy from day 2 after hatching were observed on days 5 and 7 of age. LM showed that the apical ends of intestinal villi contained clumps of necrotizing enterocytes, which were more numerous compared to that of the control. TEM revealed a loss of microvilli and changes in both the nucleus and cytoplasm in these cells. Besides considerable damage to mitochondria, they exhibited also typical vesiculation of cytoplasm and damaged intercellular junctions. From day 14 to 42 of age morphological changes were less pronounced. On day 7 of age, the activity of AP in the microvilli of duodenal enterocytes of experimental chicks was increased in comparison with the control (P<0.001). On day 14 of the experiment, AP in the investigated structures showed only a slight increase (P<0.05), and on day 21 was also slightly increased (P<0.01). On days 28, 35, and 42 of age, no significant differences in the activity of AP were observed. Hypodynamy acted as a stress factor on Japanese quail, which was stronger at the beginning of the experiment. The animals gradually adapted to their respective conditions. Our results show that Japanese quail chicks are capable of feed consumption and feed conversion under conditions of hypodynamy.
5

Effects of feed supplemented with selenite or Se-yeast on antioxidant enzyme activities in lamb tissues

64%
Sobekova A., Holovska K., Lenartova V., Holovska K.,Jr., Javorsky P., Boldizarova K., Gresakova L., Leng L.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences
|
2006
|
tom 15
|
nr 4
569-557
The activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) were examined in liver, kidney cortex and heart tissues of lambs fed diets supplemented with inorganic (sodium selenite) and an organic (Se-yeast) form of selenium. Additional selenium resulted in a significant increase of the Se content in the examined tissues in both supplemented groups. The activities of GSHPx, CAT in the liver as well as of CAT, GST and SOD in the kidney cortex were significantly lower in the Se-yeast supplemented group when compared with both the control and selenite-fed groups. In the heart, the activities of all of the assayed enzymes increased in both supplemented groups. SOD activity was found to be significantly higher in the Se-yeast supplemented group when compared with the selenite group. In addition, two Cu, Zn-SOD isoenzymes of higher band intensity were generated in this group, probably as a result of oxidative stress, which was also manifested by a significant increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The presented results suggest specific regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities in the tissues of lambs depending on the form of selenium intake.
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