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1
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Effectiveness of the chemical stabilizers of Talaromyces flavus in biological control of tomato and greenhouse cucumber vascular wilt disease

100%
Bahramian D., Naraghi L., Heydari A.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2016
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tom 56
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nr 3
Fungal antagonist, Talaromyces flavus, is one of the most important biological agents of soil-borne fungal diseases including Verticillium and Fusarium wilt. In this study, to increase the effectiveness of T. flavus isolates obtained from greenhouse cucumbers and field grown tomatoes five chemical stabilizers were evaluated. Based on the results of previous studies, the most effective substrate for the growth, sporulation and stability of T. flavus isolates related to the above-mentioned plants was a mix of rice bran and peat-moss. Different chemical stabilizers were mixed with the above-mentioned substrate containing spore suspensions of various T. flavus isolates. For each plant, a completely randomized experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions with seven treatments and three replications. The results of this study indicated that treatments containing sodium nitrate and D-cycloserine were more effective than those containing other stabilizers. The overall results of this study suggest that the use of some chemical stabilizers may enhance the biocontrol potential of fungal antagonists in controlling different plant diseases including Verticillium and Fusarium wilt.
2
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Biological control of Polymyxa betae, fungal vector of rhizomania disease of sugar beets in greenhouse conditions

88%
Naraghi L., Heydari A., Askari H., Pourrahim R., Marzban R.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
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2014
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tom 54
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nr 2
Rhizomania is one of the most important diseases of sugar beet around the world – including in Iran. The disease causes a severe decrease in sugar yield and is a limiting factor in sugar beet cultivation. Control of the disease is very difficult due to the long-term survival of its fungal vector (Polymyxa betae) in the soil. In this study, we investigated the effects of antagonistic fungal isolates on the population of the resting structure (cystosorus) of P. betae, under greenhouse conditions. Antagonistic fungi, including Trichoderma harzianum and Talaromyces flavus, were isolated from soil samples collected from sugar beet infested fields in the Semnan Province of Iran. In the next step, their inocula were prepared through reproduction on rice bran. For evaluation of the efficacy of antagonists in greenhouse conditions, a split plot trial was conducted and performed. The main factor was three different methods of application of T. flavus as the soil treatment, seed treatment, and a combination of both methods. The sub-factor was the use of different fungal isolates. To determine the cystosorus population of the fungal vector, seedling roots in all treatments were stained with lactic acid and fuchsine (lactofushine), 60 days after sowing. The number of cystosorus in one gram of root was counted using a light microscope and hemocytometer. At the end of the study, average root weight in different treatments was also measured to select and introduce the best treatments in regard to their effects on root weight. According to the results, the number of cystosorus in 1 g of root was different in various treatments and those treatments containing TF-Su-M-1, TF-Su-M-2, TH-Su-M-1, and TH-Su-M-2 used as a soil application method were more effective in the reduction of the cystosorus population and root weight increase. Among the above-mentioned treatments, maximum reduction of cystosori population and the increase in root weight were observed in TH-Su-M-1 and TF-Su-M-2 through the soil application method.
3
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Evaluation of Pseudomonas and Bacillus Bacterial Antagonists for Biological Control of Cotton Verticillium Wilt Disease

88%
Mansoori M., Heydari A., Hassanzadeh N., Rezaee S., Naraghi L.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
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2013
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tom 53
|
nr 2
Verticillium wilt is considered the most important disease of cotton in the world, including Iran. Cultural practices and the use of resistant varieties are the most common strategies used to control Verticillium wilt of cotton. These strategies are not always available or effective. In recent years, biological control using fungal and bacterial antagonists, has been applied to control some cotton diseases including damping-off. In this study, we investigated the possibility of biological control of Verticillium wilt of cotton using bacterial antagonists. Suspension of eight bacterial strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus spp. isolated from different rhizospheric soils and plant roots in the Iranian cotton fields, were prepared with a concentration of 108 cfu/ml. Ten cotton seeds (cv Varamin) were then coated with each bacterial suspension and were planted in soil pre-inoculated with Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia. The efficacy of bacterial antagonists in reducing wilt disease was evaluated by determination of the disease index in different treatments. The results indicated that most isolates were effective in reducing disease (compared to the untreated control) 90 days after sowing. Isolates B5, B6, B2, B7, and B3 were the most effective, respectively, in reducing wilt index. In contrast, isolates B1, B4, and B8 did not significantly reduce the disease. In general, P. fluorescens isolates were more effective than Bacillus isolates. This study suggests that bacterial antagonists might be potential biological control agents of cotton.
4
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Controlling sugar beet mortality disease by application of new bioformulations

76%
Jorjani M., Heydari A., Zamanizadeh H. R., Rezaee S., Naraghi L., Zamzami P.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
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2012
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tom 52
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nr 3
There is growing interests in the use of biological approaches to replace or reduce the application of chemical pesticides in modern agriculture. In this regard, antagonistic fungi and particularly bacteria have proved to be potential candidates. In the search for efficient alternative biofungicides, eight new Bioformulations were developed and prepared using two strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens (B1) and Bacillus coagulans (B2) isolated from different rhizospheric soils and plant roots of Iranian sugar beet fields. Bioformulations were developed using procedures described in the literature. Bioformulations included a talc-based powder and bentonite-based powder as inorganic carriers, and peat and rice bran as organic carriers. The results of our greenhouse experiment, where these bioformulations were applied to sugar beet seeds to control seedling mortality disease, showed that most of the treatments at different intervals (15, 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing) were effective in reducing the disease (compared to the untreated control). According to the results, six out of eight of the developed bioformulations, including Peat-B1, Peat-B2, R.B.-B2, Bent.-B1, Talc-B1 and Talc-B2, were more effective than commonly used fungicides (Carboxin-thiram) in controlling sugar beet mortality disease. Yet, two bioformulations (R.B.-B1 and Bent.-B2) were less effective than carboxin-thiram in the reduction of the disease incidence.
5

Biological control of tomato verticillium wilt disease by Talaromyces flavus

76%
Naraghi L., Heydari A., Rezaee S., Razavi M., Jahanifar H., Khaledi E. M.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
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2010
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tom 50
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nr 3
In this study, Talaromyces flavus a fungal antagonist, was isolated from soil samples collected from tomato fields in Tehran and the Western Azarbayjan provinces of Iran.Antagonistic effects of T. flavus isolates against Verticillium albo-atrum (V. a.-a.), the causal agent of tomato wilt disease were investigated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Soil samples from tomato fields in the Varamin and Uremia regions of Tehran and the Western Azarbayjan provinces respectively, were cultured on selective medium. T.flavus colonies were recovered after three weeks. In the laboratory experiments, antagonistic effects of volatile and non-volatile extracts of T. flavus isolates on V. a.-a.growth were investigated. Among isolates, five that caused higher growth inhibition of V. a.-a. were selected for greenhouse experiments. In the greenhouse, first inoculum of V. a.-a. and treatments affected by T. flavus isolates were prepared. For comparison of the infection index in treatments, the greenhouse experiment wasperformed with a split plot arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Result of greenhouse experiments on different types of T.flavus treatments indicated that there was no significant difference among them. However, among five T. flavus isolates, the most effective one was Tf-To-V-24 and Tf-To-U-36. In the experiment on the interaction between different T. flavus treatments and T. flavus isolates,a minimum infection index was observed when both soil and seed were treated with Tf-To-V-31. The overall results of this study show that it may be possible to manage tomato Verticillium wilt disease effectively by T. flavus.
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