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Evaluation of the nearest development zone for children with a light degree of intellectual disability who live in an orphanage

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Kaminska M. A., Nadolska A., Blahutkova M., Slizik M.
Trends in Sport Sciences
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2018
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tom 25
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nr 2
Introduction. The functioning of disabled children living in an orphanage remains little discussed in the scientific literature. Analysing this subject can undoubtedly improve assistance and revalidation*, as well as helping them become independent. This was the main reason for our interest in this research topic. Aim of Study. The aim of this study was to try to answer the following question: do children with intellectual disabilities who live in an orphanage encounter an environment that is favourable for their development or unfavourable compared to children living in their family home? Material and Methods. Three groups of children aged 12-13 years with light intellectual disability were examined (n = 90). The three groups, each consisting of 30 children, included those who had lived in an orphanage for a short period of time, those who had lived in an orphanage for a long period of time, and those who lived in their family home. This research used a method developed at the school of L. Vygotsky to measure the area of nearest development, a clinical measure based on the determination of skillfulness. Results. The most important finding was that there are no differences in the area of nearest development between children living in orphanages and those living in their family home. The best developed zone was found to be motor development, with children living in orphanages scoring the highest in that area. Conclusions. Contrary to assumptions, the home environment did not adversely affect the development of the examined children. There was a similar current level of development in all three zones among children with a light degree of intellectual disability living in orphanages and in family homes. Therefore, the orphanage environment can be considered a positive developmental environment for these children.
2
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Influence of physical activities on stress reduction among Third Age University students

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Novakova S., Blahutkova M., Muchova M., Lepkova H.
Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Kultura Fizyczna
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2016
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tom 15
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nr 4
The aim of our paper was to identify the effect of physical activities on the reduction of stress among the elderly who regularly participated in a physical activity program and point out the positive effects of these exercises. The research sample consisted of a total of 202 elderly people from 64 to 78 years of age. 102 of them regularly exercised within the framework of the Motion studio program for the elderly organised by the University of the Third Age at Brno University of Technology. Other 100 seniors did not study and none of them exercised regularly. The level of stress was measured with the Stress Test (Selye, 1993, Křivohlavý, 2001).We looked for differences in the level of stress among seniors who exercise on a regular basis and those who do not exercise. We compared age, retirement time and all physiological stress-related difficulties. We used the Pearson correlation coefficient and the factual evaluation for statistical evaluation of the obtained data. The obtained results, indicate that the seniors who came regularly to the Motion studio showed less stress than the rest of the tested elders. They showed lower level in the zone of moderate stress, on average 4.5 points (men exhibited slightly higher stress level – 5 points – than women – 4 points) compared to the average of 8.1 points among seniors without sports and regular exercise (again, men showed higher levels of stress – 8.3 points – than women – 7.9 points). We found that the time spent in retirement does not statistically significantly affect the level of stress among the elderly (0.05 % significance level). The results indicated that the main stressors in old age are primarily physiological factors, which determine the level of life quality and often cause protracted diseases, particularly those related to musculoskeletal system. The time spent in retirement does not statistically significantly affect the level of stress of the elderly. Seniors without sports and regular exercise who reported higher levels of stress complained more about their cardiovascular condition, loss of appetite and neurological problems. The research has shown that seniors who are regularly engaged in physical activities are less stressed than seniors without sports and regular exercise.
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Sport activity in the context of subjective well-being of university students

88%
Paskova L., Slizik M., Blahutkova M., Gorny M. P., Benedik L.
Trends in Sport Sciences
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2019
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tom 26
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nr 2
Introduction. In our research we were particularly interested in answering the question whether there is a relationship between a person’s comfort or well-being in relation with the sporting activity of adolescents. Aim of Study. The aim of the research was to analyse the relationship between physical activity and subjective well-being of university students. Material and Methods. The research was carried out on a group of university students studying at different types of universities. The research group consisted of 150 men and 230 women with an average age of 20.81 years. For data collection we used: questionnaire of emotional habitual subjective well-being and questionnaire of life satisfaction. The data obtained in this way were subjected to statistical analysis of x2 test and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results. We have found that active sports respondents at a non-professional level compared to passive athletes are more likely to experience a sense of physical freshness and enjoyment. On the other hand, the non-sportsmen are more likely to experience fear and pain. Our findings clearly confirm the correlation coefficients between active sports and the frequency of positive emotions. On the other hand, we found negative correlations in the relationship between active sports and the experience of negative emotions. In the case of a higher level of sports performance, we found significant negative weak to medium close relationships with the frequency of survival of negative emotions, and significant positive moderate relationships were shown by survival of physical freshness, enjoyment and joy. In the case of relationships between top sports and the emotional component of subjective well-being, we found weak to moderate relationships with the enjoyment, guilt and shame. Sports activity leads to increased life satisfaction, which confirmed number of correlations between active non-professional sports and overall life satisfaction. Conclusions. Our research findings have confirmed that physical activity even if in a minimum rate, increases the subjective well-being of adolescents as well as self-satisfaction and contributes to more frequent positive emotions or increased adolescents’ life satisfaction.
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