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Przedmiotem badań było ziarno jęczmienia ozimego zbieranego w początkowej fazie jego zawiązywania, dojrzałości mlecznej, woskowej i pełnej przy stosowaniu nawożenia azotem w dawkach 0, 60, 120 i 180 kg N·ha⁻¹. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w Stacji Badawczej w Wierzchucinku (53°26’ N; 17°79’ E), należącej do Uniwersytetu Technologiczno-Przyrodniczego w Bydgoszczy. Podczas wypełniania ziarna jęczmienia ozimego odmiany Paweł udział wszystkich badanych frakcji w białku ogólnym na ogół zwiększał się. W największym stopniu dotyczyło to prolamin; różnica ich zawartości między fazami A i D wynosiła średnio dla trzech lat badań 207,7%. W białku dojrzewającego ziarna jęczmienia ozimego we wszystkich badanych fazach rozwoju ziarna pod wpływem nawożenia azotem wzrastał znacząco udział białek zapasowych, to jest prolamin i glutelin (o 15,7 %), przy jednoczesnym obniżeniu zawartości albumin i globulin (o 18,2%). Największy wpływ dawek azotu na kształtowanie składu frakcyjnego białka obserwowano w fazie dojrzałości pełnej. Zmiany proporcji ilościowych między frakcjami białkowymi, zachodzące podczas ontogenezy ziarna jęczmienia ozimego pod wpływem działania intensywnego nawożenia azotem, mogą sugerować pewne obniżenie wartości odżywczej białka.
A field experiment was carried out at the Minikowo Agricultural Experiment Station the vicinity of Bydgoszcz and aimed at defining the effect of the sowing date and nitrogen fertilisation on yielding and selected technological parameters of ‘Mikon’ winter wheat grain and flour. Two sowing dates were applied (factor I): optimal in a given year and 2-week delayed date and 4 nitrogen fertilisation levels (factor II): 0, 80, 120 and 160 kg Nˇha-1. The sowing date delayed by two weeks, as compared with the optimal date, significantly decreased the grain yield by 6.6% and increased the content of wet gluten and the value of sedimentation ratio. The dose of 120 kg Nˇha-1 was most favourable for ‘Mikon’ winter wheat yielding. A further increase in N fertilisation used to show a tendency for decreased wheat yielding.
In a static experiment, which has been carried out since 1979, different fertilization treatment with manure and mineral nitogen were applied. In this experiment the following crop rotation potato, winter rye, winter rye was applied. The organic matter applied to the soil in the form of manure and straw had positive influence on the obtained yield and the contents of Mg in plant material. The manure in comparison to the straw had higherinfluenceonaccumulation and transformation of the Mg from not assimilable forms in the top soil by positive interaction with mineral fertilizers.
The reduction of sulphur emissions achieved over the last 20 years has led to sulphur deficit in soil, which decreases crop yields and deteriorated yield quality. Sulphur fertilisation affects both plants and physicochemical soil properties. The total carbon content in soil affects the capacity and quality of the sorption complex, which in turn determines the buffer capacity. The content of available forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in soil has strong influence on the soil fertility. The uptake with yield and the acidification of soil, which intensifies the processes of retardation and nutrient leaching, result in depletion of those nutrients in soil. In 2005-2007, an experiment was carried out at the Experiment Station of the Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, the University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, to assess the effect of sulphur fertilisation on the content of total carbon and available forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in soil. Sulphur fertilisation was applied in the ionic form, i.e. sodium sulphate (VI), and in the elemental form. The rates were 0, 20, 40, 60 kg S ha–1. The results demonstrated that increasing sulphur rates considerably decreased the content of available forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in soil. A significant increase was also found in the total carbon content in soil after fertilisation with 20 and 40 S kg ha–1 . Interestingly, the organic carbon content in soil clearly depended on the form of applied sulphur: sulphate (VI) or elemental.
The aim of the study was evaluation of the effect of dressing seed material of spring barley with a humus preparation and foliar potassium fertilization with Drakar on its yield and content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the grain. One-way field experiment was carried out in the years 2006-2008, in Chrząstowo (53°09’ N; 17°35’ E) near Bydgoszcz, on soil classified as mesic Typic Hapludalfs, of a granulometric composition of light sandy loam. The effect of the following was evaluated: humus preparation Humistar (12% humic acids and 3% fulvic acids), used for dressing at a rate of 1 dm3 per 50 kg of barley grain (1), foliar fertilizer Drakar (25.7% K and 3% N), applied at two doses of 2 dm3·ha-1, before flowering and after its end (2), as well as the combined application of Humistar and Drakar (3). The results of using Humistar and Drakar were compared with the control (4) where these preparations were not used. A significant increase was found in 1000 grain weight and yield of barley grain under the effect of dressing the seed material with Humistar. However, this factor’s effect on spike density per unit of area or on the grain number per spike was not indicated. Foliar fertilizer Drakar did not affect significantly the grain yield or its components. The studied preparations did not affect significantly the leaf greenness index in barley in the stage of tillering, shooting and flowering. However, a positive effect of Humistar was found on values of this index in the milk stage. The total nitrogen concentration in barley grain was independent of the used preparations. However, a significant increase in the content of phosphorus and magnesium was found in barley grain dressed with Humistar. Concentration of phosphorus and potassium in barley grain on plots with a foliar fertilization with Drakar was lower, while of magnesium higher than on the control.
In our studies the highest mean significant yield of spring triticale grain of the Kargo variety was obtained following the application of 120 kg N·ha⁻¹ and after the foliar application of the highest dose of zinc, as compared to the examined lower levels of fertilization. The used variable fertilization with nitrogen applied to the soil and the foliar application of zinc, on average, resulted in a significant increase in the content of total protein in spring triticale grain of the Kargo variety. The values of the most important baking indices determined for spring triticale manifested growing tendencies within the entire range of the applied doses of nitrogen and zinc. On average, the highest significant content of wet gluten was obtained following the application of 120 kg N·ha⁻¹, and of the highest dose of zinc as compared to, respectively, the dose of 80 kg N·ha⁻¹ and to control.
Modest stand requirements, high yielding potential and high nutritive value have made triticale an alternative crop to other cereals in Poland. The grain of that cereal is mostly used for making animal feed, although it can also be processed by the food industry. Triticale yields and the quality of grain are largely determined by agro-technical factors, including mineral fertilisation. Over the recent years, more attention has been attracted to the favourable effect of cereal fertilisation with microelements, especially more intensive nitrogen nutrition. In 2005–2007, a two-factor field experiment in a split-plot design was set up at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Minikowo, which belongs to the University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen rates and foliar zinc application on the content of zinc and copper in grain of cv. Kargo spring triticale. The plots, 20 m2 each, were treated with two nitrogen fertilisation rates (factor I, n=2): 80 kg N ha–1 (N80) and 120 kg N ha–1 (N120) and three zinc fertilisation rates (factor II, n=3): Zn0 (without zinc), Zn1 (0.1 kg ha–1) and Zn2 (0.3 kg ha–1) against fixed, pre-sowing phosphorus and potassium fertilisation. It was found that the rate of 120 kg N ha–1 resulted in a significant increase in the zinc content and a decrease in the copper concentration in grain of the cultivar Kargo spring triticale, as compared with the treatment which received 80 kg N ha–1. Foliar zinc application, in all the rates applied, resulted in a significant increase in the zinc content and a decrease in the copper concentration in spring triticale grain.
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