The aim of this work was to investigate the efficacy of aglepristone in three different doses used to terminate pregnancy 21-24 days after mating in female cats. Cats (n = 43) were divided into three groups with 14 cats in each group and one female cat was described separately. Aglepristone was injected twice, 24 h apart. Female cats in group I received 10 mg/kg subcutaneously (sc), in group II - 12.5 mg/kg sc and in group III - 15 mg/kg. Termination of pregnancy was successful in 9 female cats (64.3%) in group I, seven of which had absorbed embryo and two aborted lifeless fetuses. Four female cats gave birth to healthy kittens between days 62 and 65 of pregnancy. The last female cat gave birth to one live kitten on day 62 of pregnancy post treatment after an ultrasound examination revealed 4 embryos. In group II pregnancy was terminated in 12 female cats (85.7%), 10 of them absorbed embryos and two aborted lifeless fetuses between days 36 and 45 of pregnancy. The remaining two gave birth to live kittens between day 62 and 64 of pregnancy. In group III pregnancy was terminated in 13 female cats (92.8%), 12 of which absorbed embryos and one aborted three lifeless fetuses. The last female cat, post treatment, gave birth to one live kitten on day 61 of pregnancy after ultrasound evaluation showed 5 embryos. This kitten died within 3 days of life. One owner gave her pregnant cat a medroxyprogesterone acetate injection, and although the female cat also receive aglepristone at a dose of 20 mg/kg, she gave birth to two live kittens. The progesterone concentrations were within reference values in the examined groups and increased after the injection of aglepristone. The results indicate that none of the doses of aglepristone used were 100% successful clinically, however the most effective dose was 15 mg/kg. Pruritus at the site of injection immediately after injection was the most common side effect noticed.
The use of exogenous steroids, including gestagens, risks several adverse effects. One of them is cystic endometrial hyperplasia (hyperplasia glandularis cystica). Estrogens stimulate the endometrial development of progesterone receptors. Progesterone and gestagens influence the hyperplasia, proliferation and secretion of endometrial glands, creating the conditions for the emergence of cysts of different sizes with partial leucocytic infiltration. Endometritis-pyometra-complex and mammary tumors are the most common pathologic findings in bitches and queens treated with gestagens. Additionally, hyperglycemia and acromegaly have been observed. These side effects are found to be mainly due to induced GH production in the mammary gland and mediated by IGF-1. The other described adverse effects are adrenocortical suppression, hepatopathy, congenital malformations, prolonged pregnancy, behavioral disorders and local alterations. In some animals in which gestagens were administrated prolactin release increases when gestagen concentration decreases.
The ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) is a condition that occurs when functional ovarian tissue is left in an abdominal cavity of a bitch or queen after an ovariohysterectomy (OH). This may result in clinical signs of estrus, pseudopregnancy or high concentrations of progesterone and estradiol in the blood serum without the mentioned clinical signs. This syndrome was described in queens, bitches and a woman. The article discusses the results of a hormonal assay evaluation, complete blood count and serum biochemical profile. It also describes the first case of chronic vaginal prolapse as a complication of ovarian remnant syndrome in a bitch.
The aim of the paper was to present the clinical uses of gestagens most commonly used in dogs and cats. Gestagens are widely used in the treatment of small animals, with indications ranging from dermatological to behavioral problems. However their main use involves controlling the reproductive cycle which includes suppressing the ovarian cycle, suppressing abnormal sexual behavior - especially in male dogs, and supplementing endogenous progesterone in pregnancies potentially compromised by insufficient luteal function. The article reviews the research history of gestagens, their mechanisms, provides comments and considers suggested dosages as well as indications vs. contraindications for their use, as well as summarizing gestational compounds used in veterinary medicine. It also discusses clinical use of gestagens for the treatment of pseudo pregnancy, nymphomania, pituitary dwarfism inhibition, short anoestrus, hypertrophy of prostate, male hypersexuality and spermatogenesis.
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