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The possibility of using mineral oils as a carbon source by bacteria adapted to high oil concentrations was tested in liquid media with different pH values (pH = 5,7 and 9). Two types of inocula were tested: inoculum I consisted of selected strains used in the bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils and inoculum II contained bacteria isolated from soil samples previously bioremediated at pH = 5, 7 and 9. Biodegradation was observed in all the investigated media independently of initial pH value and type of inoculum used. After 21 days of cultivation the reduction of oil content reached 60-70% in medium with pH = 5 and 80-90% in medium with pH = 7 and 9, respectively. Inoculum I consisted of strains of Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Agrobacter, Xanthomonas spp. After 21 days of incubation the elimination of some strains was observed. In cultures conducted at pH = 5 Agrobacter strain was no longer found, at pH 9 - the Pseudomonas strain was lost. In cultures maintained at pH = 7 all the introduced strains survived. Prolonged incubation in liquid medium at pH = 5 of strains isolated from bioremediated soils (type II inoculum) leads to the elimination of Bacillus from initial consortium of Arthrobacter, Bacillus and Pseudomonas. In cultures containing bacteria of type II inoculum (Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Achromobacter, Agrobacter, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Micrococcus) conducted in liquid media at pH = 9 the Micrococcus strain was no longer present. In liquid cultures incubated at pH = 7 all introduced strains were recovered (Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Achromobacter).
Sixty-one isolates of M. bovis (58 from cattle and three from wild animals) from eight regions of Poland were analysed. Molecular analysis was done using HAIN and spoligotyping methods. Drug susceptibility of the isolates to streptomycin, izoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide was tested by proportional methods on solid and liquid media. By spoligotyping, 47 (77%) isolates were identified as M. bovis subsp. bovis and 14 (23%) isolates were identified as M. bovis subsp. caprae. Eleven animals of the domestic cattle (18%) and all wild animals were infected by M. bovis subsp. caprae. Among cattle infected by M. bovis, 12 spoligotypes were identified, most of them not registered in the SpolDB4 database. The strains isolated from 15 animals of the domestic cattle were the same spoligo pattern. In conclusion, transmission of mycobacteria among the farm and wild animals has been suspected.
Background. Tuberculosis is a highly contagious disease affecting humans and animals. It is caused by mycobacteria that are part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). The etiological agent causing bovine tuberculosis is mycobacteria bovis: Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae. According to the World Health Organization bovine tuberculosis is classified as direct zoonosis. Material and methods. The study material consisted of 129 MTBC strains isolated from Polish cattle, which were microbiologically analyzed. The resistance phenotype was tested for first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis in humans. The drugs included streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. The MTBC strains tested in this study were isolated from cattle tissue post mortem so that the determination of drug resistance could meet only the epidemiological criterion. Results. Polish strains of mycobacteria bovis have not acquired environmental resistance despite the huge dynamics of changes in the phenotype of mycobacterial tuberculosis resistance. Strains classified as M. bovis are characterized by natural resistance to PZA, which is typical of this species. Conclusions. Drug resistance imposes the use of additional drugs. Drugs that are less effective than the basic drugs, drugs causing side effects more frequently and drugs that are much more expensive.
Systemic mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium genavense was diagnosed in a 7-year-old captive lineolated parakeet (Bolborhynchus lineola). About a year before death, proventricular dilatation syndrome (PDS) was suggested, because of persistent regurgitations and intermittent diarrhoea. Necropsy examination did not show any signs typical of PDS and mycobacterioses. No caseous necrosis, but focal ulcerated overgrowth in the proventriculus, hypertrophy of intestinal mucosa and splenomegaly, was found. Primary neoplasia was suspected. The crucial examination was histopathology, which revealed changes typical of mycobacteriosis and the presence of numerous acid-fast bacilli. A real- time SYBR® Green PCR test was used and Mycobacterium genavense infection was diagnosed. The mycobacterium was also cultured on BD BACTEC™ 460TB 12B Middlebrook 7H12 medium.
Bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease that occurs in many species of both domestic and wild animals, as well as those held in captivity. The etiological factor is the acid resistant bacillus (Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium caprae), which is characterized by the major pathogenicity among mycobacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The material from 8 antelopes from the zoo, suspected for tuberculosis were examined, and M. bovis strains were isolated from 6 of them. The spoligotyping method showing spoligo pattern 676763777777600. In Poland, this spoligotype has not been observed so far.
Systemic mycobacteriosis was diagnosed in a group of ornamental fish. Although a large number of acid-fast bacterial rods were identified in the kidneys, liver, and muscles of each fish, no granulomas were observed in internal organs. Mycobacterium peregrinim was identified using the GenoType Mycobacterium CM assay. This study illustrates a considerable risk of atypical mycobacteriosis in humans.
Interferon gamma releasing assays (IGRAs) are extensively used in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infections. Comparing to tuberculin skin test (TST) they lack false positive results in the populations vaccinated with BCG, and in most non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections. Nevertheless, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium marinum, and Mycobacterium szulgai may induce positive IGRAs due to RD1 homology with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible influence of NTM respiratory isolates on the results of IGRAs. 39 patients (23 females and 16 males) of median age 61 years, with negative medical history concerning tuberculosis, entered the study. Identification of NTM was performed using the niacin test and molecular method GenoType CM test (Hain Lifescience). QFT-Plus was performed in 17 patients, T-SPOT-Tb – in 23 patients. Chest X-rays and a high-resolution computed tomography of the chest have been reviewed by the experienced radiologist blinded to the results of IGRAs, in search of past tuberculosis signs. Positive IGRAs results were obtained in three out of 39 patients (8%): 22% of patients with M. kansasii isolatesand 18% of patients with radiological signs on HRCT that might be suggestive of past tuberculosis. Positive IGRAs correlated with radiological signs suggestive of past tuberculosis (r = 0.32, p = 0.04), and on the borderline with isolation of M. kansasii (r = 0.29, p = 0.06). These findings may suggest that a positive IGRAs result, in our material, could depend mostly on asymptomatic past Tb infection. The cross-reactivity of M. kansasiiisolates with IGRAs was less probable; nevertheless, it requires further investigations.
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