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Magnetic resonance imaging is the method of choice for examination of the inner ear and acoustic tract. In order to obtain detailed visualization of all structures the scans have to be made in three planes: axial, coronal, and sagittal.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) in imaging of the cisternal and petroclival segments of the abducent nerve. Heavily T2-weighted submillimetric 3D sequence in axial plane, T1-weighted 3D, 1.5 mm slice thickness sequence in axial plane and TOF sequence were performed on 16 volunteers. Additionally the reformatted T2-weighted images in sagittal and in oblique parasagittal plane parallel to the abducent nerve in the pontine cistern were performed. The heavily T2-weighted sequence provides high contrast between fluid and other structures. High signal intensity of the cerebrospinal fluid is a kind of background for cranial nerves, vessels, meninges as well as for bony and fibrous structures. The authors identified the abducent nerve in at least one plane of the submillimetric, heavily T2-weighted sequences in 84.4% cases (in 84.4% in axial plane, 68.8% in sagittal and 84.4% parasagittal parallel to the VI-th cranial nerve in the pontine cistern). Dorello’s canal was identified in 27/32 abducent nerves (84.4%) on the submillimetric, heavily T2-weighted sequence in parasagittal parallel to the abducent nerve in the pontine cistern plane. In 71.9% (23/32) of cases, the abducent nerve was in contact with the arterial vessel in pontine cistern.
In this article the authors discuss whether or not diagnostic potential of MR cholangiopancreatography is strong enough to replace direct cholangiography in all cases. The pre- surgery analysis of a variety of pancreato-biliary disorders diagnosed using MRCP images is presented with the emphasising the importance of source images. Six cases of pancreato-biliary disorders are presented in which MRCP indicated the place of ductal stenosis as well as the morphologic variants or ductal uninspected shape which is critical for surgery or planned drainage. Coronal and axial MRCP source and MIP images were obtained with 0,5T Gyroscan NT. Anomalies of the biliary or pancreatic ducts included two cases of choledochal cystic dilatation; two cases of aberrant biliary ducts, one case of gallbladder duct variant.and a case of an additional pancreatic duct. In 3 out of 6 cases, the MRCP source images produced using the complementary method supplied more complete information concerning ductal junctions than the MIP images. Whereas in 3 out of 6 cases, both kinds of images were equally reliable. In 4 out of 6 cases, endoscopy was performed, and in 2 cases ERCP images were not diagnostic for ductal anatomy. However, full delineation of biliary and pancreatic ducts was complete in all MRCP images. MRCP within source images and maximum intensity projections show particular promise for the assessment of pancreatobiliary anomalies in order to reduce the number of higher-risk endoscopic interventions. The technique should be the method of choice in cases of suspected pancreato-biliary anomaly resulting from any imaging modality and is helpful for planning the optimal drainage method. In the long run this practice would reduce the number of ducts damaged during surgery.
The relationship of the amygdaloid body to the hippocampal formation and lateral ventricle was studied on MRI slabs of brains of 25 volunteers. Considering the presence of the hippocampal formation and/or uncal sulcus on a cross-section three segments of the amygdaloid body were distinguished in rostro-caudal order: prehippocampal, suprahippocampal anterior (preuncal) and suprahippocampal posterior (uncal), each one presenting characteristic features. The lengths of the amygdaloid body and of its segments were calculated. In each segment the great variability of the topographical relations was found. Especially in the suprahippocampal anterior segment the relation of the lateral ventricle to both, the amygdaloid body and hippocampus shows great differences, even between the right and left side.
This paper constitutes a report of our experience in the assessment of left ventricle contraction using MRI (Philips 0,5T Gyroscan T5/II) and includes a suggestion of the study method directed towards establishing the role of different patterns of ventricle contraction in general ventricle function. In 29 patients, 22 men and 7 women, (average age 55.3) with history of myocardial infarction, electrocardiographically gated MR images encompassing the entire heart in the anatomic long and short axis planes were acquired. Significant positive correlations between long axis shortening and area length ejection fraction were found on four chamber view images: r = 0.605 at p<0.05 and on two chamber view images: r = 0.554 at p<0.05.
A total of 14 patients of various ages diagnosed with schizophrenia and, as an age-matched control group, 12 healthy subjects were examined using the MRI method of neuro-imaging. The volume of the following structures was evaluated in the right and left hemispheres: the superior temporal gyrus, the basolateral temporal area (the region including the middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus), the parahippocampal gyrus, the hippocampal head, the amygdaloid body and the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. In schizophrenia a significant increase in the volume of the amygdaloid body on both the left and right sides was observed. In the patients, as in the control group, we noticed significant asymmetry between the left and right sides in the volume of the structures studied. The left amygdaloid body was significantly larger than the right, whereas the left hippocampal head and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle were smaller than the right. Our findings suggest that in the early stages of schizophrenia, despite the increased volume of the amygdaloid body, the asymmetry between the structures of the temporal lobe is still present. However, the changes observed in the temporal lobe could be related to the functional disturbances observed in this disease.
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