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1

Developmental expression of various antigens on the microglial cells in the rat brain

100%
Domaradzka-Pytel B., Ludkiewicz B., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1999
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
2

Analysis of calretinin immunoreactivity in the rat piriform cortex after open field stress during postnatal maturation

100%
Badowska-Szalewska E., Klejbor I., Ludkiewicz B., Morys J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2005
|
tom 64
|
nr 1
33-40
In our study we used c-Fos protein to identify whether cells containing calretinin (CR) in the rat piriform cortex are engaged in the response to stress stimulation and to find out how this expression changes during maturation (PC). The material consisted of Wistar strain rats of between 0 and 120 days of age divided into 9 groups. Each group consisted of 5 experimental and 3 control rats. Animals from the experimental groups were exposed to the open field test throughout 10 minutes. The control animals were kept in a home cage. In all age-related control rats weak c-Fos immunoreactivity was observed. Our results showed that cells containing c-Fos following an acute open field test were observed predominantly in layers II and III of the PC just after birth. Their number then increased and stabilised on P30. We had already observed immature CR-ir cells at birth. In the 4th week of life these neurons achieved maturity. Their number increased to P90 and decreased in older animals. CR-ir neurons were localised mainly in layer II and to a lesser degree in layers III and I of the PC. Double immunostaining c-Fos/CR revealed that the level of co-localisation was low. Only small differences were observed between the anterior and posterior parts of the PC. In the anterior part a higher number of CR-ir neurons was found. The difference in the level of co-localisation between the anterior and posterior parts was age-related and differentiated. Our results may suggest that during maturation CR-ir neurons of the piriform cortex are not the main population engaged in response to the open field test.
3

Postnatal changes of MAP-2 immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampus

100%
Biranowska J., Berdel B., Ludkiewicz B., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1999
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
4

Postnatal changes of synaptic proteins immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampus proper

100%
Biranowska J., Berdel B., Ludkiewicz B., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
tom 61
|
nr 3
5

The postnatal development of the rat paraclaustral reservoir

100%
Ludkiewicz B., Domaradzka-Pytel B., Berdel B., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1999
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
6

Effect of light-dark changes on the locomotor activity in open field in adult rats and opossums

100%
Klejbor I., Ludkiewicz B., Turlejski K.
Folia Morphologica
|
2013
|
tom 72
|
nr 4
There have been no reports on how the light-dark changes determine the locomotor activity of animals in the group of high reactivity (HR) and low reactivity (LR). In the present study we have compared selected parameters of the locomotor activity of the HR and the LR groups of the laboratory opossums and Wistar rats during consecutive, light and dark phases in the open field test. Sixty male Wistar adult rats, at an average weight of 350 g each, and 24 adult Monodelphis opossums of both sexes at an average weight of 120 g each were used. The animals’ activity for 2 h daily between the hours of 17:30 and 19:30, in line with the natural light-dark cycle were recorded and then analysed using VideoTrack ver. 2.0 (Vievpoint France). According to our results, we noted that a change of the experimental conditions from light to dark involves an increase in the locomotor activity in rats and opossums of the HR group, while there is no effect on the activity of the rats and opossums in the LR group. Locomotor activity in the HR rats, both in the light and dark conditions is characterised by a consistent pattern of change — higher activity in the first stage of the recording and a slowdown (habituation) in the second phase of the observation. The locomotor activity of the opossum, during both light and dark conditions, was observed to be at a consistently high level compared to the rats. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 4: 300–305)
7

Correlation between dopaminergic phenotype and expression of calretinin in the midbrain nuclei of the opossum (Monodelphis domestica): An immunohistological study

100%
Klejbor I., Ludkiewicz B., Wojcik S., Turlejski K.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2013
|
tom 73
|
nr 4
We investigated distribution and morphology of neurons of the midbrain nuclei: the ventral tegmental area (VTA), substantia nigra (SN) and periaqueductal gray (PAG) of the adult grey short-tailed opossums that were double immunolabeled for the presence of calretinin (CR) and/or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The majority of TH-immunopositive neurons and fibers were located in the VTA, SN, and only scarce population of small neurons expressing TH was present in the PAG. In the SN 80% of TH-expressing neurons had large cell bodies, and only a small fraction had small perikarya. In the PAG populations of large and medium sized neurons were equal and 20% of neurons had small perikarya. Much scarcer population of TH-immunoreactive neurons in the PAG consisted of large or small neurons in its dorsal part (PAGd) and almost exclusively small neurons in the ventral part (PAGv). Distribution of neurons expressing TH and their types in the opossum are similar to those in rodents. The majority of CR-immunolabeled neurons were found in the VTA. In its subdivision, the parabrachal pigmented nucleus (PBP) cells expressing CR were approximately 28% more numerous than cells expressing TH. In spite of that, only 42% of TH-expressing neurons coexpressed CR. The high degree of colocalization TH and CR was observed in the SN. We propose that a higher percentage of TH/CR colocalization, which is observed in the opossums SN, may give them the ability to adapt to changes in their motor functions.
8

Microglial and astroglial cells in the rat paraclaustral reservoir during postnatal development: an immunohistochemical study

100%
Ludkiewicz B., Domaradzka-Pytel B., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
tom 61
|
nr 1
9

Immunohistochemical study of microglial and astroglial cells during postnatal development of rat striatum

100%
Domaradzka-Pytel B., Ludkiewicz B., Jagalska-Majewska H., Morys J.
Folia Morphologica
|
1999
|
tom 58
|
nr 4
The present study investigates the development of microglial and astroglial cells in the postnatal rat striatum, using immunohistochemical methods with panel antibodies that recognize macrophage antigens of unknown function - ED l, complement type 3 receptor- OX-42 (for microglia) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (for astrocytes). On the day of birth, EDl/OX-42- immunoreactive microglial cells present in the striatum represent ameboid microglia. Between PO and P10 we could observe the migration of ameboid microglial cells from neuroepithelial ventricular zone through internal and external capsules into the striatum. During the second postnatal week (PIO, P14) a considerable decline of ameboid EDl-immunoreactive microglial cells and an increase of the number of OX-42 positive ramified cells were observed. At P21 only OX-42 positive ramified cells were observed in the whole striatum. On the day of birth, only a few GFAP positive cells resembling radial glia were observed in the striatium. During the first postnatal week, the number of GFAP-positive cells increased significantly; they showed typical morphology of the astrocytes present in the adult animals. After P22 the final striatal population of astroglia was formed.
10

Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency: morphological and metabolic effects, creation of animal model to search for curative treatment

88%
Ebertowska A., Ludkiewicz B., Klejbor I., Melka N., Morys J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2020
|
tom 79
|
nr 2
The main source of energy for brain and other organs is glucose. To obtain energy for all tissue, glucose has to come through glycolysis; then as pyruvate it is converted to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and finally enters citric acid cycle. What happens when one of these stages become disturb? Mutation in genes encoding subunits of PDC leads to pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. Abnormalities in PDC activity result in severe metabolic and brain malformations. For better understanding the development and mechanism of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency the murine model of this disease has been created. Studies on a murine model showed similar malformation in brain structures as in the patients suffered from pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency such as reduced neuronal density, heterotopias of grey matter, reduced size of corpus callosum and pyramids. There is still no effective cure for PDC-deficiency. Promising therapy seemed to be ketogenic diet, which substitutes glucose to ketone bodies as a source of energy. Studies have shown that ketogenic diet decreases lactic acidosis and inhibits brain malformations, but not the mortality in early childhood. The newest reports say that phenylbutyrate increases the level of PDC in the brain, because it reduces the level of inactive form of PDH. Experiments on human fibroblast and zebra fish PDC-deficiency model showed that phenylbutyrate is promising cure to PDC-deficiency. This review summarizes the most important findings on the metabolic and morphological effects of PDC-deficiency and research for treatment therapy. (Folia Morphol 2020; 79, 2: 191–197)
11

Development of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain structures of FGFR1 transgenic mice

88%
Klejbor L., Ludkiewicz B., Dziewiatkowski J., Stachowiak M. K., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2005
|
tom 65
|
nr 3
12

Neurons containing nitric oxide synthase and neuropeptide Y in the basolateral complex of rat amygdala

88%
Ludkiewicz B., Biranowska J., Wojcik S., Domaradzka-Pytel B., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
tom 61
|
nr 3
13

Developmental changes in the postnatal period-study of cholinergic innervation and parvabumin-positive neurons in the rat hippocampus

88%
Wojcik S., Ludkiewicz B., Spodnik E., Domaradzka-Pytel B., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
tom 61
|
nr 3
14

Comparison of the influence of two models of mild stress on hippocampal brain - derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity in old age rats

88%
Badowska-Szalewska E., Ludkiewicz B., Krawczyk R., Melka N., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2017
|
tom 77
|
nr 1
The way hippocampal neurons function during stress in old age (critical times of life) is dependent on brain derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF). This study examined the influence of acute and chronic forced swim (FS) or high‑light open field (HL‑OF) stimulation on the density of BDNF immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the hippocampal pyramidal layers of CA1, CA2, CA3 regions and the granular layer of dentate gyrus (DG) in old (postnatal day 720; P720) Wistar Han rats. Our data showed that in comparison with non‑stressed rats, acute FS caused a significant increase in the density of BDNF‑ir neurons in CA2 and CA3, while acute HL‑OF led to an increase in this factor in all hippocampal subfields with the exception of DG. However, the density of BDNF‑ir cells remained unchanged after exposure to chronic FS or HL‑OF in the hippocampal regions in relation to the control rats. These results indicate that acute FS or HL‑OF proved to be a stressor that induces an increase in the density of BDNF‑ir pyramidal neurons, which was probably connected with up‑regulation of HPA axis activity and short‑time memory processing of the stressful situation. Moreover, as far as the influence on BDNF‑ir cells in hippocampus is concerned, chronic FS or HL‑OF was not an aggravating factor for rats in the ontogenetic periods studied.
15

The influence of aging on the population of NGF containing neurons of limbic system in the rat following open field stimulation

88%
Badowska E., Cecot T., Klejbor I., Ludkiewicz B., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2009
|
tom 69
|
nr 3
NGF (nerve growth factor) is involved not only in growth and survival of neurons but also promotes their age-dependent morphological changes (repair and remodeling) in normal life and during stress. This study aimed to investigate an infl uence of ages, on the changes of NGF immunoreactive (-ir) cells in the: amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus caused by acute (one-time for 15 min) or repeated (21 days for 15 min daily) exposition to open fi eld (OF) test. Each group of age consisted of experimental and control (non-stressed) Wistar male rats. To detected NGF-ir cells single immunofl uorescence staining was applied. Each control groups revealed many of NGF-ir neurons in the studied structures. Following OF acute stimulation, the number of NGF-ir cells in all the studied structures was higher in the three months old rats than that of control ones; the level of NGF-ir cells in the one year old rats was higher only in paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus and in central nucleus of amygdala. In two years old rats no changes was observed in comparison with control animals. After OF repeated exposition, the level of NGF-ir cells was similar to that observed under acute one. These data demonstrated that the aging affected the level of NGF-ir neurons caused by acute and repeated OF stimulation in the structures of limbic system. Stress duration did not infl uence the level of NGF-ir neurons.
16

Cholinergic innervation and calretinin-immunoreactive neurones in the hippocampus during postnatal development of the rat brain

88%
Ludkiewicz B., Wojcik S., Spodnik E., Domaradzka-Pytel B., Morys J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2002
|
tom 61
|
nr 1
7-14
Immunohistochemical study of the cholinergic innervation of the hippocampal calretinin-containing cells was conducted on 28 rat brains of postnatal ages: P0, P4, P7, P14, P21, P30 and P60. Sections with double immunostaining for vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT; the marker of cholinergic cells, fibres and terminals) and calretinin were analysed using confocal laser-scanning microscope. Obtained data demonstrate that during development as well as in adult species calretinin-containing neurones in the rat hippocampus form sparse synaptic contact with VAChT-ir terminals. It seems probable that cholinergic innervation is not crucial for the functioning of CR-ir cells — probably they remain under the greater influence of a system other than the cholinergic system.
17

Cholinergic innervation and calretinin-immunoreactive neurons in the hippocampus during postnatal development of the rat brain

88%
Spodnik E., Ludkiewicz B., Wojcik S., Domaradzka-Pytel B., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
tom 61
|
nr 3
18

Organisation of the dopamine neuronal subsets within midbrain of the feathertail glider (Acrobates pygmaeus, Acrobatidae, Marsupialia)

88%
Krawczyk R., Klejbor I., Turlejski K., Ludkiewicz B., Morys J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2017
|
tom 76
|
nr 4
The Marsupial feathertail glider has a unique set of morphological, anatomical and behavioural features that make it a promising model for study of primate evolution. Among them it has many locomotor adaptations to arboreal life, such as diagonal gait of movements, gliding, fast climbing and running along branches. These ecological and behavioural specialisations could result in differences in anatomy of the brain systems involved in their integration. It is well acknowledged that dopaminergic neurons are involved in motor control, motivation and cognition. Due to the fact that there are no data on morphological organisation of dopaminergic system in the midbrain of this species, we decided to investigate it using immunohistochemical and quantitative methods. Our study showed that the general distribution and characteristics of the dopaminergic cells within midbrain nuclei of the pygmy acrobat is similar to that in other species, but it lack the substantia nigra compact part — ventral tier and “tail” of the substantia nigra subnuclei. This study provides the first description of the dopaminergic cells and nuclei in the midbrain of the feathertail glider and we hope it will start interest in the neurobiology of this species. (Folia Morphol 2017; 76, 4: 558–567)
19

Pattern of e-Fos expression in the neocortical parts ol the limbie system during deve!opment and maturadon

88%
Morys J., Ludkiewicz B., Bodowska-Szalewska E., Klejbor I., Domaradzka-Pytel B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2005
|
tom 65
|
nr 3
20

The influence of mild stressors on neurons containing interleukin-1Beta in the central (CeA) and medial (MeA) amygdala in the ageing process of rats

88%
Badowska-Szalewska E., Ludkiewicz B., Spodnik J. H., Krawczyk R., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2015
|
tom 75
|
nr 3
Proinflammatory cytokine - interleukin ip (IL-ip) plays an important role in stress reactions in the structures of limbic system. The impact of stress on IL-ip may depend on the ontogenetic age. The study examined the influence of acute and chronic exposure to forced swim (FS) or high-light open-field (HL-OF) stressors on neurons containing IL-ip. Double immunofluorescence staining was used to reveal the density of IL-ip/NeuN (NeuN - a neuronal nuclear marker) - immunoreactive (ir) cells in the amygdaloid central (CeA) and medial (MeA) nuclei, which are closely involved in the regulation of emotional stressors and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) activation. Adult (P90; P - postnatal day), middle-aged (P360), and aged (P720) male Wistar Han rats were used in these experiments. We observed an age-dependent increase in the basal density of IL-ip/NeuN-ir cells in CeA and MeA in P90 vs. P360 and P360 vs. P720 rats. Neither acute nor chronic FS caused significant changes in the density of IL-ip-ir neurons in any of the investigated nuclei in P90, P360, and P720 rats as compared with the non-stressed groups. However, chronic but not acute HL-OF caused a marked increase in the density of IL-ip/NeuN-ir cells in the CeA and MeA of P360 rats and in MeA of the P720 animals. Moreover, chronic HL-OF led to an increase in the density of IL-ip-ir neurons in relation to acute HL-OF in the CeA and MeA of both P360 and P720 rats. Our results may indicate the involvement of IL-ip neurons in the development of ageing processes in CeA and MeA. Furthermore, our results point out that chronic HL-OF is an aggravating factor that induces an increase in the density of IL-ip/NeuN-ir cells in the MeA and/or CeA of middle-aged and aged rats. The increase is possibly due to insufficient control of the HPA axis associated with involutional ageing processes and seems to be a common denominator of the ageing process and stress.
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