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Significant morphological and physiological variations between root vole Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776) populations have been found. Behavioural differences between two geographically separated populations were found in this study. Ultrasonic vo­calization and behavioural interaction (non-aggressive and aggressive approaches) were monitored during 10-min encounters. Ultrasounds were monitored during encounters involving all possible combinations of males and females of two populations, called here southern (Prague, Czech Republic) and northern (Białowieża, Poland). The northern male-male combination did not produce ultrasounds. In both populations, males exhibited more aggressive behaviour than females did. Since M. oeconomus females are highly territorial and the home ranges of males overlap, the agonistic behaviour of males may enable them to control a larger area with greater numbers of receptive females. We also found significant differences in behavioural activity between the two investigated populations: southern M. oeconomus showed higher activity than northern root voles did. Separate populations which differ morphologically and behaviourally have much to tell us about speciation processes. Behavioural divergence can lead to reproductive isolation and thus create separate gene pools.
Behavioural activity of Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) is modified by social factors. Interaction between sexually nonexperienced (NExp) and experienced (Exp) animals was investigated. Males and females were tested in pairs in the male home cage during 10 min encounters. Aggressive and nonaggressive behaviour was recorded, and ultrasonic vocalization was monitored by a QMC ultrasound detector. The obtained results indicate that total activity of Exp females was significantly higher than NExp females (p < 0.05). Only females exhibited aggressive behaviour toward males, but there was no difference in aggressive activity related to sexual experience. Total activity of Exp males was higher than that of NExp ones (p < 0.05). Our previous results indicate that in adult bank voles only males produce ultrasounds. In these experiments significantly more calls was recorded when Exp males were tested and compared with NExp males (p < 0.05). This study provides additional information about interaction between breeding and non-breeding animals in a bank vole popu­lation.
Housing females in groups prolongs the dioestrous phases in cycling laboratory mice Mus rnusculus Linnaeus, 1758. Olfactory signals play an important role in interaction between females, and the vomeronasal system is involved in mediation of hormonal responses to pheromones. Present results show that removal of the vomero­nasal system (VNX), or bulbectomy (OBX), leads to in decreased numbers of oestrous mice in comparison to non-operated (NON) or sham-operated (SHAM-OBX) singly reared females. Oestrous cyclicity was also affected by social factors. Cohabitation of NON, VNX, OBX or SHAM-OBX females with adult females results in decreased oestrous frequency in comparison to females reared alone. Moreover, VNX females exposed to male bedding inhibited oestrus in comparison to nonexposed VNX animals. The results provide evidence that different external stimuli evoke hormonal responses which are manifested in inhibition of oestrous cycle in female mice.
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