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Salinity, pH, climate, and moisture content, along with topographical data were compared between plant associations, to define key factors affecting soil salt accumulation and establishment of natural vegetation. The extreme values found in some associations are explained by the spatial distribution of the studied points.
 The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) isoforms are normally expressed in coordination with the corresponding myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms in the fibers of skeletal muscle but this coordination is often disrupted in pathological conditions. In the streptozotocin-induced diabetes of rats (stz-rats), the soleus muscle showed peripheral neuropathy and the SERCA2a level decreased in type I (slow-oxidative) fibers compared to the control muscles, whereas the expression of the corresponding slow MyHC1 did not change. No difference was found at the mRNA and protein levels of SERCA and MyHC isoforms in the whole soleus, except that the level of the SERCA2a protein specifically declined in stz-rats compared to the controls. This shows that the coordinated expression of SERCA2a and MyHC1 is disrupted at the SERCA2a protein level in the diabetic soleus. The results are in line with previous observations that regulators of the Ca-homeostasis may adapt faster to type I diabetes than the contractile elements.
Background: In the context of sedentary lifestyle as a major contemporary health issue, this study examined how an ultra brief exercise bout affects perceived subjective well-being. Material/Methods: Two studies were conducted. In the first study, young participants performed light exercises for 3-minutes. The second study replicated the first, but a sitting-quietly control group was also included to account for possible habituation or order effects. On a single item 10-point Likert scale, conceptualized as core affect, participants rated their well-being immediately before and after the exercise bouts and rest, respectively. Results: In both studies the exercise triggered statistically significant (p < .001) improvement in the perceived well-being (effect sizes (d) = .62 in Study I, and d = .75 in Study II), while no statistically significant change was noted in the control group. Conclusions: These findings are the first ever in the scholastic literature to demonstrate that only 3 minutes of light exercises could trigger subjective experience of improved well-being. The practical implication of these findings is that an instant boost in subjective feeling states can be achieved through very short, light, and undemanding exercises that could be repeated several times a day in different life settings.
At the end of the nineteenth century, the wolf Canis lupus was extinct in Hungary and in recent decades has returned to the northern highland area of the country. The diet of wolves living in groups in Aggteleki National Park was investigated using scat analysis (n = 81 scats) and prey remains (n = 31 carcasses). Throughout the year wolves (average, minimum two wolves per year) consumed mostly wild-living ungulates (mean percent of biomass consumed, B% 97.2%; relative frequency of occurrence, %O 74.0%). The wild boar Sus scrofa was the most common prey item found in wolf scat (%B 35.6%) and is also the most commonly occurring ungulate in the study areas. The second most commonly occurring prey item in wolf scat was red deer Cervus elaphus (B% 32.8%). Conversely, prey remain analyses revealed wild boar as the second most commonly utilised prey species (%O 16.1%) after red deer (%O 67.7%). The roe deer Capreolus capreolus that occurs at lower population densities was the third most commonly utilised prey species. The importance of low population density mouflon Ovis aries, livestock and other food types was low. The results are similar to those found in the northern part of the Carpathian Mountains.
In the present study, we examined developing postnatal and adult rat retinas by immunohistochemistry and western blot in order to identify the temporal and spatial onset of the expression of EPO and its presumptive regulating factors (HIF1-α and HIF2-α). In the adult the EPO was expressed in the photoreceptor inner segments, in the inner nuclear, ganglion (GCL), and both plexiform layers. At birth, we found strong immunoreactivities in the GCL and in the inner part of the neuroblast layer and weak staining in the outer part of the neuroblast layer. During the following days the immunoreactivity of the ganglion cells and presumptive amacrine cells became more prominent. From the middle of the fi rst week strongly stained horizontal cells were observed at the level of the separating OPL. The WB analysis resulted high protein levels in the developing retina samples and low protein amounts in the adult. Both hypoxia-induced factors showed similar expression pattern, being expressed in the inner retinal layers. At birth, only the HIF1-α was detectable. The HIF2-α was not detectable until the second half of the second postnatal week and its expression remained weak. The early appearance and distribution of the erythropoietin correlates in time with the main apoptotic processes of the postanatal rat retina. Since the EPO exerts neuroprotective properties in neural tissue, we hypothesize that it acts as a regulating factor during the retinal development.
In this study, the effect of a living bacteria (Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum, Azotobacter chroococcum) containing biofertilizer, made in Hungary, was investigated on the germination and dry matter production of maize seedlings in germination tests. The biofertilizer was applied in concentrations of 1 ml·L⁻¹ and 3.5 ml·L⁻¹. Seed and filter paper treatments were used in the experiments, completed with autoclaved biofertilizer treatment. Germination and weight of shoots and roots were evaluated. It was observed that the seed-and-filter paper treatments with biofertilizer significantly increased – by more than 20% – the numbers of the germinated seeds in comparison to the untreated control. The dry weight of the shoot and root was higher by more than 7% than the control in the case of treatments with biofertilizer. Based on this result, it was concluded that there is a positive effect of PGPB on germination, as well as it is supposed, that the applied biofertilizer treatments stimulated the germination and growth of maize by reason of excreting phytohormones and enhancing the nutrient mobilization from the seed.
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