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1

The medulary reticulo-cerebellar projection to the cerebellar caudal vermis

100%
Bukowska D., Zguczynski L.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2013
|
tom 73
|
nr Suppl.1
The projections from reticular formation (RF) to the pyramis (Pr; related to innervation of axial and proximal forelimb muscles) and uvula (Uv; interconnected with vestibular system) were studied using two fluorescent retrograde tracers. Bilaterally labeled RF neurons, parent for the reticulo-cerebellar projection, were found in the magno- (Lcmc) and parvocellular (Lcpc) pars of caudal lateral nucleus (n=7797), oral lateral nucleus (Lo; n=3893), and in smaller number in the lateral reticular nucleus (LR; n=1326) and gigantocellular nucleus (RGc; n=1319). The projection is seven times greater to Pr than to Uv. Connections from Lcmc to Pr originate from entire nucleus, except for the dorsolateral region, and to Uv arise from two separate neuronal populations, the ventromedial and dorsolateral, at rostral levels. While entire Lcpc supplies Pr, its rostral dorsolateral region connects Uv. The ventral LR region projects to Pr, whereas two groups of neurons in the caudal part project ipsilaterally to Uv. In Lo, neurons supplying Pr are present ventrolaterally, but these connecting Uv cluster in the dorsolateral and dorsomedial regions. Central core of the caudal RGc sends fibers exclusively to Pr. The RF projections differ regarding regions of origin and laterality, probably due to different function of Pr and Uv.
2

Projection from the locus coeruleus to the cerebellar caudal vermis: fluorescent tracing study in the rabbit

100%
Zguczynski L., Bukowska D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2013
|
tom 73
|
nr Suppl.1
The locus coeruleus (LC) located in the pontine tegmentum, is the major noradrenergic nucleus of the brain. It gives rise to fibers innervating extensive areas within the neuraxis, among other the cerebral cortex, basal forebrain, limbic system, thalamus, brainstem autonomic nuclei, spinal cord. Throughout these projections, LC as a crucial wakefulness-promoting nucleus, is involved in neuronal circuits controlling a number of physiological functions, e.g., regulation of arousal and autonomic activity. A few data concerning the LC-cerebellar projections indicate, that LC sends same fibers to the cerebellar vermis, and small collateral projection to both the cerebral cortex and cerebellum exist as well. The aim of present study was to identify LC neurons projecting to the caudal vermal lobule, i.e. the pyramis. Following fluorescent tracer injection into the pyramis, retrogradely labelled neurons, as parent for the LC – pyramis projection, were found in defined regions of LC. The projection is bilateral with ipsilateral predominance (82% ipsiversus 18% contralateral). The LC noradrenergic connections may modulate response of the pyramis neurons and exert influence on activity of the postural muscles of upper trunk and the proximal forelimb muscles.
3

Topography andaxonal collaterals of trigeminocerebellar projection to the paramedian lobule and uvula in the rabbt cerebellum

81%
Bukowska D., Mierzejewska-Krzyzkowska B., Zguczynski L.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2006
|
tom 66
|
nr 2
4

Distribution of pontocerebellar neurons with collaterals to the paramedian lobule in the rabbit

81%
Bukowska D., Zguczynski L., Krzyzowska-Mierzejewska B., Sikora E.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1999
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
5

Divergent axons within olivocerebellar projection to the pyramis and uvula revealed by a retrograde double labeling technique in the rabbit

81%
Bukowska D., Zguczynski L., Mierzejewska-Krzyzowska B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2011
|
tom 71
|
nr S
The study was initiated to determine the projection pattern of the climbing fibers from the inferior olivary complex (IO) to the two lobules of the caudal vermis, both independent and by way of axonal collaterals. Different fluorescent tracers, Fast Blue and Diamidino Yellow, unilaterally injected into the pyramis and uvula in the seven rabbits, resulted in single (n=32020) and double (n=403) labeling of neurons in defined restricted regions of the contralateral IO. These neurons, parent for independent and collateral projections, respectively, clustered in two aggregations (lateral and medial) through the rostrocaudal extent of IO. IO consists of a complex of three nuclei: the dorsal (DAO) and medial (MAO) accessory olive, and the principal olive (PO). MAO is accompanied by the dorsomedial cell column (dmcc) and the β nucleus (β). PO is composed of the dorsal (dlPO) and ventral (vlPO) laminas and comprises the ventrolateral outgrowth (vlo) and dorsal cap (dc). Distribution pattern of single labeled neurons indicates that the strongest projection to the pyramis and uvula arises from the lateral region of entire extent of MAO and that to the pyramis is more intensive. Neurons in the lateral region of DAO send numerous fibers exclusively to the pyramis. The rostral part of β more frequently supplies the uvula whereas the caudal part - the pyramis. Neurons of dmcc in similar degree project to the two cerebellar targets, however, from the rostral part projection is stronger to the uvula. Weak connections come from vlo and vlPO, and from dc only to the uvula. Neurons participating in collateral projection were found in the lateral region of MAO, the entire extent of β, the rostral and caudal levels of dmcc, and in vlo. To sum up, (1) the IO-pyramis and IO-uvula projecting neurons vary in number and in distribution, and (2) there is a small population of the IO neurons which project by divergent axons.
6

Projection from the dorsal column nuclei to the carebellar caudal vermis: comparison of collateral and non-collateral connection

81%
Bukowska D., Zguczynski L., Mierzejewska-Krzyzanowska B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2009
|
tom 69
|
nr 3
The study was performed to determine projection from the dorsal column nuclei (DCN), both independent and by way of axonal collaterals, to the pyramis and uvula. Two different fl uorescent tracers were unilaterally injected into the two vermal targets. Single and double retrogradely labeled neurons, parent for non-collateral and collateral projections, were found in defi ned regions of DCN. Non-collateral bilateral projections directed to the pyramis and uvula are stronger to the latter, and originate from neurons in the lateral cuneate nucleus (CuL; n= 5 040 vs. 6 637), the complex of gracile and medial cuneate nucleus (Gr+CuM; n=820 vs. 2 190) and CuM (n=32 vs. 92). Weak projection from the dorsal Gr (n=57) is destined for the pyramis. Neurons in the rostral and middle CuL, projecting to the pyramis and uvula occupy ventrolateral and ventromedial positions, respectively, and a narrow region between them is common. More caudally, small areas in CuL, Gr+CuM and CuM supply the uvula, but in majority, areas of projection from these subnuclei to both lobules overlap. Weaker ipsilateral projections by way of axonal collaterals (n=175) arise from neurons in common projection areas in CuL and Gr+CuM. To sum up, neurons for the DCN-pyramis and DCN-uvula projections vary in number and distribution, and there is a small population of neurons participating in divergent projection to both lobules. Different extent of DCN infl uences may be due to disparate function of the pyramis and uvula.
7

Differences in the ponto-cerebellar projection to the cerebellar caudal vermis and hemisphere: a retrograde double labeling study in the rabbit

81%
Zguczynski L., Bukowska D., Mierzejewska-Krzyzowska B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2011
|
tom 71
|
nr S
Following paired unilateral injections of fluorescent tracers FB (Fast Blue) and DY (Diamidino Yellow) into the the rostral and caudal paramedian lobule (rPML, cPML) as well as the pyramis (Pr) and uvula (Uv), the distribution pattern of retrogradely labeled neurons in the pontine nuclei (PN) indicates that these two ponto-cerebellar projections are organized topographically. Both projections are bilateral. Projection to PML originates from the caudal two-thirds whereas that to the Pr and Uv - from the entire rostrocaudal extent of PN. Participation of individual PN nuclei in the projections differs. The strongest connections to rPML/cPML and Pr/Uv send the dorsolateral (44% and 56%, respectively) and paramedian (24% and 26%, respectively) nuclei. The involvement of the lateral (20% and 14%) and peduncular (12% and 4%) nuclei is weaker. The ventral pontine nucleus sends no fibers to PML or Pr and Uv. Moreover, following injections into the rPML and cPML, some regions where FB and DY single labeled neurons were intermingled, contained in addition small number of double labeled neurons. These neurons are parent for collaterals projections to both parts of PML. Differences in projections under study may arise from various functions of the PML (rPML and cPML receive afferent information from the forelimb and hindlimb, respectively) and the caudal vermal lobules (Pr receives spinal cord afferents related to innervation of axial and proximal-limb muscles, and Uv is interconnected with the vestibular nuclei)
8

Differences in the ponto-cerebellar projection to the vermis: double labeling method in the rabbit

81%
Mierzejewska-Krzyzowska B., Bukowska D., Zguczynski L.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2007
|
tom 67
|
nr 3
9

Topography in the inferior olive projections to the uvula and paramedian lobule in the rabbit

81%
Bukowska D., Zguczynski L., Mierzejewska-Krzyzowska B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2005
|
tom 65
|
nr 3
10

Evidence for diverging projection from the dorsal column nuclei to the cerebellar pyramis and uvula

81%
Bukowska D., Zguczynski L., Mierzejewska-Krzyzowska B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2007
|
tom 67
|
nr 3
11

Pontocerebellar projection to the rabbit paramedian lobule by means of axonal collaterals: evidence for intralobular connections

80%
Bukowska D., Zguczynski L., Mierzejewska-Krzyzowska B.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2003
|
tom 63
|
nr 4
12

Branching axon from pons and raphe nuclei project to cerebellar paramedian lobule as studied with the double fluorescent retrograde tracing technique

80%
Mierzejewska-Krzyzowska B., Sikora E., Zguczynski L.
Folia Morphologica
|
1996
|
tom 55
|
nr 4
13

Collateral projections of trigeminal sensory neurons to both cerebellar paramedian lobules in the rabbit: demonstration by fluorescent double labeling study

80%
Bukowska D., Zguczynski L., Mierzejewska-Krzyzowska B., Sikora E.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1998
|
tom 58
|
nr 4
14

Distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics of cerebellar projecting neurons in the locus corelueus complex of the rabbit

71%
Bukowska D., Zguczynski L., Mierzejewska-Krzyzowska B., Sienkiewicz W., Kaleczyc J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2015
|
tom 75
|
nr Supl.
BACKGROUNDANDAIMS: The locus coeruleus complex (LCx), subdivided into nucleus coeruleus proper (LC) and subcoeruleus (LCα) is the major noradrenergic nucleus of the brain. Only a few data concern  LCx-cerebellar projection. The aim of study was to identify LCx neurons projecting to the caudal vermis and determine their immunohistochemical characteristics. METHODS: The retrograde axonal transport method of fluorescent tracers Fast Blue (FB) and Diamidino Yellow injected respectively into lobules VIII and IX was used. In addition, double labeling immunofluorescence was applied to investigate the expression and coexistence of dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) and choline acetyltransferase as well as neuropeptides including neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SOM), leu-enkephalin (LENK) and substance P in LCx-cerebellar projecting neurons. RESULTS: It was shown that only lobules VIII was supplied by afferents from LCx. The FB-labeled neurons were distributed bilaterally with ipsilateral predominance in both LC and LCα, and were much more frequent in LC. They occupied the lateral region of LC and dorsolateral region of LCα. These neurons were the most numerous in the caudal part of LC, but in LCα they clustered in its rostral part. Nearly all FB-labeled neurons displayed immunoreactivity to DBH and only the single cells stained simultaneously for DBH and SOM, and for DBH and NPY. However, the FB-labeled perikarya did not contain immunoreactivities to the remaining substances investigated. Moreover, some FB- or FB/DBH-positive somata were closely apposed by SOM-, NPY- or LENK-immunoreactive fibers. CONCLUSIONS: This study has provided new data on the distribution of neurons projecting from LCx to the lobule VIII, and has revealed that they are noradrenergic (and non-cholinergic) in nature and that their activity can be modulated by some neuropeptides. The findings seem to be important considering the role of the lobule VIII in innervation of axial and proximal forelimb muscles.
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