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The study determined genetic and chemical variability of 40 populations of E. angustifolium and E. hirsutum, growing wild in the eastern Poland. The RAPD analysis indicated higher genetic variability in E. angustifolium than in E. hirsutum. The contents of biologically active phenolic compounds (flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins) in dry herb were determined. Qualitative analysis of flavonoids was performed by HPLC. There were differences in the content of flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins in the populations of both species. The main flavonoid compounds were - luteolin-7-glucoside in E. angustifolium herb and rutin in E. hirsutum herb.
The experiment was conducted in 2003-2004. The aim of the research was to investigate the chemical variability of three thyme species (Thymus pulegioides L., Thymus alpestris Tausch., Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen) under „in situ” conditions. Six localities were selected and fixed by GPS. Samples of raw materials from the stands were collected, dried and chemically analysed. The content of essential oil and its chemical composition as well the content of flavonoids, tannins, polyphenolic acids and bitters were determined. The obtained results indicated significantly chemical differences between the investigated populations of Thymus species. The content of essential oil in the dry raw material ranged from 0.46 ml·100 g⁻¹ DM to 0.93 ml·100 g⁻¹ DM. The content of tannins was similar for T. pulegioides (5.44% on the average). However the content of tannins for T. alpestris ranged from 2.56% to 7.12%. The highest content of polyphenolic acids was determined in the herb of T. pulegioides (2.61%) from „Jaworzec”.
The inflorescences of yellow everlasting collected from twenty two natural sites in the middle part of the Bug river valley and two in the Puszcza Knyszyńska forest were compared in respect to the content and composition of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Genetic distances among populations, evaluated by RAPD markers, fluctuated from 0.0968 to 0.4855. There were no dependences between genetic relationships and geographical distributions of populations, as well as between their genetic relationships and chemical compositions. The total content of flavonoids ranged from 0.15 to 0.70% and phenolic acids from 0.45 to 1.52%. As a result of the HPLC analysis no flavonoid compounds were identified, with isosalipurposide as a dominant constituent. The chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic and rosmarinic acids were also detected.
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