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The authors studied immunological changes in 44 women with chronic trichomonadal colpitis and in 36 men with symptomless infection of urethra (age 19-50 years). In all the patients all other diseases were excluded. The presence of T. vaginalis in the vagina content and the secretion of the urethra was detected by means of microscope examination of fresh slides and of culture on Trimed medium. Besides, in all the patients complete morphological picture of blood as well as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Biernacki reaction) were examined in order to find a relationship between these parameters. In the studies on the cellular immunological response the following tests were made: a) estimate of the number of early and late erythrocyte rosettes, and the absolute number of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood, by means of the test of rosette formation (it was assumed, after Bach, that a lymphocyte with five or more erythrocytes (of sheep) around it is a rosette), b) estimate of the absolute number of erythrocyte and B lymphocyte rosettes in peripheral blood, by means of the zymosan test of rosette formation; c) skin test of the delayed type with diluted tuberculine (1 : 5000), read after 24 hrs basing on the occurrence of erythema and induration. The results were statistically analysed using methods of comparative analysis. They were compared with the results of the tests on a control group comprising 40 healthy persons (20 men and 20 women) at age of 27-58 years. The results are presented in the table. The results of the test of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, not included in the table, were within the normal range in all the examined patients. Basing on the presented results the authors are of opinion that in the trichomoniasts immunological reactions of humoral and cellular type occur, both types being detectable almost to the same extent.
Retained placenta is one of the most common peripartum complications in mares. It delays the recovery of the uterus, decreases fertility, and can be life-threatening. The mechanism of normal placenta release is unknown. In addition to systemic hormonal changes affecting the process of placenta separation, it is supposed that local mechanisms at the cellular level may play an important role in this process. It is known that the incidence of retained placenta correlates with reduced expression of classic class I major histocompatibility complex protein (classic MHC I) in cows’ placentas. In mares, classic MHC I is expressed in early pregnancy, but it is unknown if classic MHC I is expressed again in peripartum and if reduced expression correlates with retained placenta in mares. Both early and late expression seem likely, because early expression would prepare mares to reject placenta tissues if MHC is expressed peripartum. This article discusses how MHC I is expressed in placental tissues; how it affects lymphocyte migration, metalloproteinase activation, and extra-cellular matrix remodelling in those tissues; and how various factors can affect MHC I activation. The paper also describes a hypothesis for the mechanism of placenta separation in mares based on the similarity of these processes in other species that have been more extensively studied.
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