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Out of 437 pigs coming from a pig farm trichinellosis was revealed by the digestion method (weight of samples =100 g, phrenic muscles) in 151 pigs (34.6 per cent). The rate of invasion below 1 larva in 1 g of muscles was found in 83 per cent of pigs, i.e. 19.0 per cent of animals under study; 2—3 larvae per 1 g — in 14 animals (3.2 per cent) and over 3 larvae per 1 g in 54 pigs, i.e. in 12.4 per cent. The presence of T. spiralis invasion in the pig farm in question was found already in 1989. The exchange of animals and deratization were done. It was not possible to establish the source of infestation. The larvae of T. spiralis were also stated in two of three rats coming from the same pig farm and the rate of invasion was high. However, it does not seem that rats have been the main source of the invasion.
Research was carried out in 15 provinces of the Western Poland from 1994 to 1997. The muscle samples of 1395 foxes were examined using two methods - trichinoscopy and digestion. Foxes infected with Trichinella sp. were found in 9 provinces. The average prevalence rate in these provinces was 2,29%. Some regional differences of the infection rates were observed. Foxes were infected at a higher than average rate in the Katowice (5.4%), Słupsk (5.7%), Szczecin (4.57%), Zielona Góra (4.0%) and Bielsko (4.54%) regions.
Mice received 5 ng of ricin 24 hours after infection (experiment I) or 1 ng of ricin twice, 24 hours and 17 days of infection (experiment II). Animals were killed in 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 60 days after infection. In the jejunum and masseter muscle sections, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes, mast cells and eosinophils were studied. Heavy suppression of CD8⁺ lymphocytes, strong eosinophils and less pronounced mast cells stimulation was observed in the jejunum of mice received ricin (experiment I). Worm expulsion in intestine was faster than in the control (opposite results in experiment II). The composition of cells infiltration in the muscle was in both experiments similar to the control, however, fewer Cn4⁺ lymphocytes were observed in larva capsule and there were fewer muscle larvae. Therefore CD8⁺ cells are believed to take part in restricting only the muscle stage of trichinellosis.
The distribution and the number of the T. spiralis larvae per 1 g of muscle were determined in rats experimentally infested at the rate of 200, 500 or fed meat containing the larvae. The examinations were also carried out on pigs fed 200, 1000 and 10 000 larvae. The intensity of larvae invasion and distribution depended on the dose used for infestation. The highest number of the larvae in rats and pigs infested with lower doses of T. spiralis was found in the tongue muscles, masseter, femur and diaphragm. In animals infested with medium-sized inocula (rats with 500 and pigs 1000 larvae) the highest number of the larvae was noted in the intercostal muscles, in the masseter in the transversal muscles of the abdomen, in the biceps muscle of the thingh and in the diaphragm. In pigs infested with 10 000 larvae and in rats fed infested meat the highest number of the T. spiralis larvae was found in the diaphragm. Numerous larvae were also noted in the tails and oesophagi of the animals under study.
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