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The aim of the study was the isolation and identification of herpesviruses (EHV1 and EHV4) in nasal swabs from horses with upper respiratory tract infections and organs of aborted foetus by using PCR and cell culture method. A total of 110 swab samples taken from 90 horses with upper respiratory tract infections and 20 healthy animals and tissue samples from aborted foetuses were included in the study. Sampled animals were selected from 12 horse farms located in the central and south-eastern part of Poland, with different geographical conditions, types of breeding and number of livestock. The collected samples were first examined with the use of PCR to detect DNA of equine herpesviruses type 1 and 4. DNA of EHV4 has been detected in 9 samples taken from 9 horses from two farms. DNA of EHV1 was detected in one swab sample and in tissue samples of aborted fetuses. A representative group of 58 samples taken from sick horses and tissue samples from the fetuses were examined for the virus isolation with the use of three cell lines (RK-13, EEL, MDBK). The positive effect of the virus isolation was obtained with regards to two EHV1 strains, one isolated from a swab sample and the second one from an aborted fetus. However, the isolation of EHV4 strains from 9 samples positive in PCR was unsuccessful. All samples taken from 20 horses from the control group were negative in both virological tests.
The aim of the study was to investigate the seroprevalence of EHV1 and EHV4 in the horse population of the southeastern part of Poland. Selected horse farms, including breeding farms, stallion herds, purchasing centers and riding clubs were included in the studies. Blood samples were taken from 650 adult horses and foals of different age groups from 23 farms. To check for the specific antibodies against EHV1 and EHV4 in the serum samples, the commercial ELISA test (Svanovir EHV1/4 Ab discriminating ELISA, Svanova Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden) was used. Specific antibodies against EHV4 were detected in all farms. The percentage of seropositive horses in particular stables ranged between 75-100% (average 91.8%). The highest percentage of seropositive horses was detected in the group of young animals between 7-11 months. In other age groups the percentage of seropositive horses was lower and ranged between 79.8-96.6%. The least seropositive animals were detected in the group of horses more then 10 years old. It was demonstrated that the farm type and sex of horses did not influence the serological results. The number of horses in the farm significantly influenced the serological results (P < 0.05). Specific antibodies against EHV1 were detected in serum samples taken from 17 out of 23 horse farms. The percentage of seropositive horses (EHV1) in the studied population was lower in comparison with the percentage of horses positive for EHV4 antibodies and ranged between 5 and 50% (average 13.5%). Specific antibodies against EHV1 were detected only in horses above 1 year of age. The relationships between the farm type, sex of horses, number of horses in the farm and serological results were similar to these concerning antibodies against EHV4.
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