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1

The winter bird community of rural areas in the proximity of cities: low density and rapid decrease in diversity

100%
Ciach M.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2012
|
tom 60
|
nr 1
The current problem in farmland ecology is the change in the character of rural development in areas neighbouring cities and towns. Progressive urbanization and the prediminance of housing estates over agricultural aims led to a change in the bird community. During 2005– 2010, a survey of birds wintering within densely populated built-up rural areas was conducted by the line transect method (a total length of 8 km). A total number of 33 species was recorded and the most numerous dominant was the House Sparrow Passer domesticus, which constituted 32–58% of the bird community. The group of dominants and subdominants (which constituted up to 20% of the bird community) included the Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella and the Rook Corvus frugilegus, and a group of forest and synanthropic species – the Great Tit Parus major, the Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus, the Blackbird Turdus merula, and the Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto. The total density varied in subsequent study years from 57.4 to 87.5 ind. 10 ha–1 and was approximately twice lower than in other rural regions studied in Poland. A significant decrease in the wintering birds’ diversity index was recorded through the study period. The explanations for this could be in the character of villages in the proximity of builtup city areas. This has rapidly changed in recent years, and nowadays agricultural management in the region is discarded. As a result, farmlands of the region almost entirely lost their agricultural character, notably becoming a residential and recreational backup for cities. The villages neighbouring cities and towns are developed into suburban- like areas, where housing estates predominate over agricultural aims. Future consequences of these changes are far-reaching for farmland biodiversity and ecology. The decrease in species diversity and evolution into urban-like bird communities is the most probable scenario.
2

Winter bird communities in a managed mixed oak-pine forest [Niepolomice Forest, Southern Poland]

100%
Skorka P., Wojcik J. D.
Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia
|
2003
|
tom 46
|
nr 1
Winter bird communities in a managed mixed oak-pine forest (Niepołomice Forest, southern Poland) were studied during winters the 1996/1997, 1998/1999, and 2000/2001 using the line-transect method. The transect (9.5 km long, 100 m wide) was conducted through three habitats: forest edge, mature, and young stands. The authors noted 5,764 individuals within the transect belonging to 33 bird species. The largest number of species was noted in mature stands – 27 (mean density: 34.0 inds/10 ha), then at the forest edge – 24 (19.4 inds/10 ha), and 18 species in young stands (25.2 inds/10 ha). The density of birds varied between winters and decreased during their course. The density of plant-eaters was significantly lower than that of invertebrate-eaters, but the total biomass of these groups did not differ. Plant-eater biomass was significantly higher in mature stands and at the forest edge than in young stands. Invertebrate-eater density was considerably lower at the forest edge, but the biomass of this trophic guild did not differ significantly among habitats. Plant-eater biomass was significantly lower during winter 1998/1999 and it is supposed that this variation in plant-eater density affects the most total variation in bird communities in the Niepołomice Forest. The authors’ results indicate that old stands are probably the most favourable habitat for some small birds in winter.
3

Censusing winter birds in different habitats of Berlin

70%
Witt K.
The Ring
|
1995
|
tom 17
|
nr 1-2
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