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We present results of our preliminary research on species diversity, dominance structure, and phenology of bees (Apiformes) in the Drawa National Park (NW Poland). In total, 118 species of Apiformes were recorded there, which accounted for 25.5% of the Polish bee fauna. The park is dominated by woodland, so major species are Bombus lucorum (23.6%) and Andrena lapponica (8.8%). Those species, on some sites, accounted for over 20% or even over 40% of the total catch.
Species composition, dominance structure, and phenology of bees (Apiformes) was studied in the Białowiea National Park, which is a part of the most extensive primeval forest on the European Plain, the Białowiea Forest (NE Poland). In total 146 species of Apiformes are reported from the park. Beside the more or less abundant honey bees, the major bee species is Bombus lucorum, accounting for about 30% of wild bees and as much as 71.5% of bumblebees recorded there. Among 3 other bee species dominating in a large part of Poland, Bombus pascuorum accounts for nearly 11% of bumblebees, while B. terrestris and B. lapidarius are accessory species in the park. This shows approximately how the bee fauna looked like in most parts of Poland and Central Europe before human activity started to change the landscape radically, starting from the Middle Ages.
Changes in the Apiformes fauna are discussed on the basis of the fauna of Poland and other European countries, starting from historical times. The presentation of contemporary changes accounts for different trends: (a) population decline or disappearance of some species (shrinking ranges), (b) population increases or expansion of other species. The fauna is described dynamically against the background of environmental change (fluctuation hypothesis). It is postulated that updated comprehensive studies of faunal resources need to be undertaken, concentrating on species diversity and density.
Communities of bees (Apiformes) were studied in the Wolin National Park in 2002-2003. The Park is located on the island of Wolin in northwestern Poland, at the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. In total, 133 bee species were recorded there in various habitats. This study shows that the major role in protection of bee communities is played by xerothermic and sandy grasslands. They are distinguished by the highest species diversity of Apiformes, including Anthophora bimaculata and its nest parasite Ammobates punctatus (rare in mainland Poland). In contrast, coastal grey dunes support mostly bumblebees, including cuckoo bumblebees.
First record of Andrena stragulata ILLIGER, 1806 (Apoidea: Anthophila: Andrenidae) from Poland is presented. Information on morphology (diagnosis and redescription), bionomics and distribution of the species is given.
Species diversity and ecology of bees (Apiformes) was studied in the Masurian Landscape Park (NE Poland). The Park is dominated by woodland (50%) and lakes (30%). In total, 153 species were recorded there, which account for 32.6% of the Polish bee fauna. In the study area, the bee fauna is characterized by a lower diversity of Halictidae and a high diversity of Apidae. One of the dominant species is Andrena lapponica, with two generations: in early spring (myrtillus generation) and spring (vitis-idaea generation). This contrasts with earlier reports that this species is univoltine.
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