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The study aimed to define the anatomical and immunohistochemical characteristics of the vomeronasal organ in six male dogs. The organ was a bilateral structure located in the foremost ventral part of the nasal cavity. It was tubular in shape, and 25.36 ± 1.89 mm in length. While the caudal end of the organ was blind, the cranial one consisted of a bilateral vomeronasal duct. At the histological examination, two types of epithelium were seen: sensory and non-sensory. The vomeronasal organ was largely surrounded by "J shaped" vomeronasal hyaline cartilage. The perichondrium of the vomeronasal hyaline cartilage consisted of chondroblasts. At the higher magnification, the strong immune positive reaction with anti-oestrogen antibody was observed only in the sensory epithelium of the organ.
Sexual dimorphisms of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) of the mandarin vole Microtus mandarinus Milne-Edwards, 1871 and reed vole M. fortis Büchner, 1889 are reported for the first time in the present work. The thickness and length of the vomeronasal epithelium (VE) and the nuclear size of the receptor cells, the width and length of the granule cell zone, the width and length of the mitral cell zone, and the density of the mitral cells were surveyed. The thickness and length of the vomeronasal epithelium (VE), the length of the granule cell zone and the mitral cell zone, and the densities of mitral cells were significantly different between male and female reed voles. Male and female mandarin voles had no significant differences in any of these parameters. Polygamous reed voles had a greater degree of sexual dimorphism in VNO and AOB than did monogamous mandarin voles. The present results provide evidence to the hypothesis that the degree of sexual dimorphism may be related to the mating system.
The mammalian lateral nasal gland (LNG, also called Steno’s gland) is known to be one source of so-called odorant-binding proteins, which are suggested to work as vehicles to carry chemosensory stimuli within the nasal cavity in order to guide them to olfactory and vomeronasal sensory neurons. Up to now, a largely unattended and unanswered question is how the secretions of the LNG migrate between the glandular opening at the upper edge of the anterior lateral nasal wall and the more caudally located vomeronasal organ. In order to address this issue, the functional morphology of the rostral nasal cavity of Sorex araneus was investigated histologically. Special interest was laid on the opening region of the LNG in the vestibular region of the nose and its topological connection to a hitherto largely unnoticed nasal concha, the atrioturbinate. It appears that the atrioturbinate serves as a specialised channel that directs the secretions of the LNG pointedly towards the entrance of the vomeronasal organ. In addition, it was observed that—contrary to previous reports—the LNG in Sorex araneus is anatomically clearly separated from the maxillary sinus gland and does not invade the maxillary sinus.
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