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1
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Capsaicin induced deafferentiation enhances the effect of electrical vagal nerve stimulation on food intake and body mass

100%
Laskiewicz J., Krolczyk G., Zurowski D., Enck P., Thor P. J.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2004
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tom 55
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nr 1,2
Study was based on hypothesis that electrical stimulation (ES) with parameters obtained from analysis of vagal afferent discharge fed state may fake brain with satiety state. We evaluated effect of denervation of vagal capsaicin-sensitive afferents on food intake and body weight in rats with ES of vagal nerves using microchip (MC). Group A was scheduled to MC implantation, B to sham operation only, C to MC implantation and capsaicin vagal deafferentation, and D to capsaicin denervation only. ES lasted 24 days. MC parameters were 0.05Hz, 0.1s, 0.55V. ES of left vagus significantly reduced total food intake as well as the mean daily intake in groups A and C in comparison to control and D group (ANOVA, F=18.55, p=0.0038). Body weight was lower in group A (346,2 g) and C (272,7 g) then in control (381,4 g) and D (356,8 g) (F=25.68, p=0.00068). Leptin decreased in C (165 pg/mL) in comparison to A (625 pg/mL), B (677 pg/mL), and D (612 pg/mL) (p<0,05), mainly due to ES (F=7.27, p=0.019). Glucose was decreased in A (F=5.55, p=0.036) - by 11 % and by 16% in C group. Proper vagal neuromodulation results in central and peripheral effects causing food intake and body weight downregulation.
2
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Short-term depression of inspiratory activity following tonic vagal stimulation

84%
Budzinska K., Ilasz R.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
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2006
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tom 57
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nr 4
55-61
This study tested the role of inhibitory neurotransmission in the glutaminergic control of short-term depression (STD) of the inspiratory activity initiated by sustained stimulation of the vagus nerve in anesthetized and vagotomized cats. STD, calculated from the integrated phrenic nerve signal, lasted longer when glutaminergic neurotransmission was inhibited by ketamine, a NMDA receptor antagonist. Application of picrotoxin, a GABAA receptor antagonist, reversed the effect of ketamine and shortened the STD duration below that present in the control condition. The results showed that alternation of the neural excitability by antagonists of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission modulates the STD of inspiratory activity, evoked by vagal stimulation. The STD depends on the state of neural excitability and is easier accomplished when the excitability is on the high side.
3
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Role of cholecystokinin in postprandial and vagally stimulated duodenal and gallbladder motility in dogs

84%
Thor P., Laskiewicz J., Maczka M., Konturek S. J.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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1991
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tom 42
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nr 4
This study was designed to determine the role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in postprandial motility pattern of the duodenum and gallbladder (GB) in conscious dogs provided with chronic duodenal electrodes for recording of myoelectric activity and GB fistulas for measurement of intraluminal pressure and volume of GB and to calculate the GB motility index (MI) and GB emptying rate. During naturally occuring activity front (phase III MMC) in the duodenum there was significant increase in the MI of GB accompanied by about 20-30% reduction in the GB volume. These changes in duodenal and GB motility pattern could be duplicated by i. v. motilin. Feeding abolished the appearence of spontaneous activity front in the duodenum and greatly increased motility of GB while reducing its volume. Administration of CCK receptor antagonists in fed dogs failed to affect the motility changes induced by meal in the duodenum but abolished these of the GB. Vagal cholinergic stimulation with insulin, 2DG or urecholine caused similar effects to that induced by food i. e. increased duodenal spike activity, abolished phase III of the MMC, decreased GB volume and increased GB motility. Pretreatment with CCK antagonists did not affect significantly duodenal spike activity or GB motility but significantly increased the GB volume. Atropine 125 µg/kg) blocked almost completely spontaneous activity front in the duodenum and accompanying alterations in the motiliti and volume of GB. We conclude that CCK contributes to the MMC related alterations in the GB motor activity and is essential in cholinergic stimulation induced of the GB emtying but not in vagally induced duodenal and GB motility.
4
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The effects of baclofen on the feeding behaviour and body weight of vagally stimulated rats

84%
Krolczyk G., Laskiewicz J., Sobocki J., Matyja A., Kolasinska-Kloch W., Thor P. J.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2005
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tom 56
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nr 1
It is hypothesised that the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen increases or has no effect on food intake, and electrical stimulation of vagal nerves decreases food intake. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of baclofen in vagally stimulated rats. Material and methods: Thirty two Wistar rats were divided into five groups: group A scheduled for microchip implantation for vagal stimulation, group B for sham operation, group C for microchip implantation and baclofen medication, group D for baclofen medication only and group E for gastric motility evaluation under influence of baclofen. The following parameters were then evaluated: food intake and body mass, gastric motility, leptin, insulin, and glucose serum levels. Results: In the comparison of groups B and A, daily food intake and body weight gain decreased by 17% (p<0.05) and by 22% (p<0.05), respectively. Baclofen alone (group D) did not significantly change either food intake nor diurnal body weight compared to the controls, but when used in conjunction with the microchip (group C) it did significantly reduce effect of vagal neuromodulation (p<0.05). Furthermore, a significant decrease in leptin and glucose levels was detected in group C: 677 to 165 pg/ml (p<0.05) and 5,93 to 4,88 mmol/l (p<0.05), respectively. The administration of baclofen stimulated significantly gastric motility and elicited irregular motor migrating complex (327±200 against control 255±52 cmH2O/s). Conclusions: These results suggest that microchip vagal neuromodulation through increased vagal afferent activity induces an alteration in the feeding behaviour and decreases nocturnal food intake and body weight. These effects were partially attenuated by baclofen. The data suggests that GABA(B) receptors play an important role in the pathomechanism of attenuation of food intake induced by vagal nerve stimulation.
5

The role of pulmonary stretch receptor activation during cough in dogs

84%
Romaniuk J. R., Kowalski K. E., Dick T. E.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1997
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tom 57
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nr 1
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