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The prevalence of feline lower tract disease, irrespective of cause, has been reported to be approximately 1.5% to 8%. It has been estimated that 10% to 20% of cats with these disorders have urethral plugs or urolithiasis. Most of the small diameter calculi do not produce any problems in animals. However, the larger ones can become lodged in the urethra and obstruction may then ensue. Cats with urethral strictures are more susceptible to becoming obstructed. Abnormalities can develop as a result of repeated past procedures within or around the urethra urinary tract. Subsequently, obstruction can develop in one, two or more segments of the urethra. The occlusions frequently occur in a single segment of the urethra, but sometimes multiple occlusions are present in the same patient. The treatment of elderly cats can be challenging. This article presents the case of a 15-year-old male cat with obstructions in two segments of the urethra successfully treated with surgery. The cat recovered although it required multiple hours of surgery and the post-operative course had been complicated. Surgical treatment of urethral obstruction can be successful even in elderly cats.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of endoscopic examination as a diagnostic method in urethra and bladder ailments in dogs. The experiment involved 60 dogs of different breeds and gender, weighing from 5 to 65 kg, aged between 7 months and 12 years. The dogs were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of clinically healthy animals on which all the lower urinary tract endoscopic examinations described in the literature as well as biopsies of mucosa were performed. Group II consisted of clinical patients, on which endoscopic diagnostic examination was conducted and, on some of them, biopsies for histopathologic examination were made. The results of the experiment suggest that the lower urinary track endoscopy is a suitable diagnostic technique for recognition and differentiation of mucosa inflammation, establishment of causes of haematuria, diagnostics of neoplasms and detection of the existence of an ectopic ureter. Biopsy and histopathologic examination improved the diagnostic value of endoscopy. The techniques tested in our study, inclusive of more invasive method like PPC and cystoscopy on males preceded by the perineal urethrotomy, enable doctors to perform the lower urinary tract endoscopic examination on dogs, especially up to 5 kg. regardless of their gender.
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