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1

Ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in the three standard laboratory mouse strains: developmental analysis

100%
Wiaderkiewicz J., Glowacka M., Grabowska M., Barski J.-J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2013
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tom 73
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nr 4
Mice, similarly to some other rodent species, communicate with specialized sounds in the ultrasonic range called ultrasonic vocalizations (USV). Evaluation of this behavioral activity enables estimation of the social interactions in animal models of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). Because transgenic mouse models are generated, in most cases, on the mixed 129SV/ C57BL6 genetic background, we were interested if parameters that characterize USV differ between these two mouse strains. In addition, we wanted to compare these strains with the BALB/c line. In order to analyze USV, we applied the standard isolation test to newborn animals and compared standard parameters. Obtained results indicate clear differences between the 129SV and C57BL6 strains in respect to all analyzed USV parameters. Both strains behave also differently when compared with the BALB/c strain. For this reason in experiments utilizing transgenic animals, contribution of various genetic backgrounds has to be carefully considered.
2

Emission of 50‑kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in dopamine-denervated rats treated with amphetamine: relevance to neurocircuitries involved in drug-mediated reward

84%
Costa G., Marongiu J., Morelli M., Simola N.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2019
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tom 79
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nr Suppl.1
Rats emit 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in response to pleasurable stimuli, and USVs are increasingly being used to investigate the affective properties of drugs. Dopamine in the shell of the nucleus accumbens is instrumental in the emission of 50-kHz USVs, but little is known about how calling behavior is modulated by other brain regions that receive dopaminergic innervation. To clarify this issue, we evaluated calling behavior stimulated by repeated amphetamine administration in rats subjected to either bilateral or unilateral dopaminergic denervation with 6‑OHDA in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), dorsolateral striatum (DLS), or medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Dopaminergic denervation in the PFC, DLS, or MFB only partially attenuated the development of 50-kHz USVs sensitization during repeated treatment with amphetamine. However, rats bearing a dopaminergic denervation in the mPFC emitted a low number of conditioned USVs upon re-exposure to the amphetamine-paired environment. Sensitization in ultrasonic calling and emission of 50-kHz USVs conditioned to an environment previously paired with drug administration have recently emerged as behavioral correlates of the motivational properties of drugs of abuse. Accordingly, the present results may provide new insight into the neurocircuitries involved in reward and motivation mediated by addictive drugs.
3

Neurochemical correlates of 50‑kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in context induced response, reward processing, and appetitive social interactions

67%
Hamed A., Kursa M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2019
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tom 79
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nr Suppl.1
A tool that most effectively determines the emotional states of rats is the registration and analysis of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs). 50‑kHz USVs are a form of expression of positive emotions. USV measurement allows both identifying individual differences in processing information about the reward as well as reflecting, to a large extent, the level of individual motivation. We hypothesized that 50-kHz USV emission could have separate neurochemical backgrounds in different behavioral paradigms, as well as, some common neurochemical mechanisms reflected in examined neurotransmitters correlations. For example, re‑exposure to the context of morphine administration is associated with elevated serotonin concentrations in the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and increased Glu/Gln ratio in the nucleus accumbens (Nacc). Machine learning based analysis indicates a strong correlation between serotonergic and glutamatergic systems in context‑induced conditioned response. In the case of social interaction paradigm, several neurochemical changes were detected. Depending on the duration of social interaction, neurotransmission pathways are activated in the cascade fashion. Thus, glutamatergic neurotransmission in amygdala, ventral tegmental area (VTA), Nacc, and hippocampus, and action in the serotonergic system in mPFC, Nacc, caudate, and putamen, dopaminergic neurotransmission in mPFC and hippocampus, and noradrenergic neurotransmission in the striatum, are activated under the influence of the elapsed time of social interaction.
4

Behavioral, ultrasonic, and cardiovascular responses of male wistar rats in different social and emotional contexts after ultrasonic playback

67%
Filipkowski R. K.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2019
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tom 79
|
nr Suppl.1
Rats are social animals that use ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) to communicate. USV are usually divided into 50 kHz calls which accompany appetitive states, and 22 kHz vocalizations which are usually associated with aversive states. Both kinds of states are known to affect animals’ heart rate (HR). Also, the polyvagal theory claims that both cardiovascular parameters and USV emission is affected by the autonomous system, as they share a common signaling pathway. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in behavior, HR, and USV emission after playback of ultrasounds. Male Wistar rats were housed in pairs or separately for 4 weeks, and some of the animals underwent fear conditioning. Animals were implanted with DSI telemetry transmitters for acquisition of cardiovascular parameters. After recovery, rats were subjected to ultrasounds playback consisting of initial 10 min of static silence and five sets of 10 s sounds (50 or 22 kHz), either natural, collected from animals, or artificial tones, separated by 5 min silence intervals. Video, audio, and cardiovascular parameters were collected. Surprisingly, presentation of both 50 and 22 kHz sounds induced approach behavior. Both single- and pair-housed animals responded with a larger number of USV to both natural and artificial 50 kHz sounds playback rather than to 22 kHz sounds. The emitted USV were, almost exclusively, within the 50 kHz range. Animal HR levels decreased gradually during the experimental session. Single‑housed animals had, in general, higher HR than paired rats. There was an impact of every kind of ultrasonic presentation on HR levels; in general, 50 kHz ultrasonic playback caused a sudden increase in HR, whereas 22 kHz presentations evoked a HR drop. Surprisingly, USV and artificial tones had similar effects on HR and USV responses. Social context did not appear to alter rats’ USV emission. The results following fear conditioning are being analyzed. Also, in a separate set of experiments, rats ultrasonic responses were analyzed following presentation of a defined number of pre‑recorded USV.
5

Ultrasonic vocalizations elicit orienting and associative reactions in preweanling mice

67%
Brennan J. F., Santucci D., Branchi I., Alleva E.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1999
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tom 59
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nr 1
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