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1

Anatomia kliniczna ucha srodkowego psa domowego

100%
Skibniewski M., Skarzynski H., Kochanek K., Kupczynska M., Makowiecka M.
Magazyn Weterynaryjny
|
2009
|
tom 18
|
nr 10
1106
2

Anatomia topograficzna ucha srodkowego i wewnetrznego krolika

100%
Wysocki J., Skarzynski H., Krasucki K.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2007
|
tom 63
|
nr 06
731-735
In the available literature there is no fully sufficient and exhaustive description of the topographical anatomy of a rabbit’s temporal bone. An anatomical study was conducted on 24 rabbits’ temporal bones obtained from 12 individuals of both sexes, routinely euthanized after drug tests. The external acoustic meatus is situated obliquely to the lateral skull surface. The mean length of the bony part of the external acoustic meatus is 6.42 mm. In close proximity to the external acoustic pore lie the stylomastoid and postglenoid foramina, situated about 5 mm from the pore rim. The tympanic cavity is divided into several compartments. Among them, the largest ones are: epitympanic recess and tympanic sinus. The epitympanic recess is a cave of a diameter of about 3.5 mm. From the lateral side it is closed by a root of the zygomatic process, and a medial wall of the external acoustic meatus. From the medial side its wall creates the prominence of the anterior semicircular canal, neighboring with subarcuate fossa. Ventrally it is bordered by the facial canal and in this wall the prominence of the lateral semicircular canal is clearly visible. The tympanic recess is frontally bordered by the promontorium, superiorly by the facial canal, ventrally and medially by the bony wall surrounding the jugular foramen, embracing the internal jugular vein and cranial nerves: IX, X, XI. The promontory is the clearest topographical landmark in the tympanic cavity; however, it is not visible from the external acoustic meatus but only after passing the tympanic bulla opening. Frontally from promontory runs the carotid artery in its internal own canal. The mean minimal distance between carotid canal and round window is 4.34 mm. The easiest and safest approach to the tympanic cavity leads either through the epitympanic recess or through the ventral wall of the tympanic bulla. It is important to bear in mind the close proximity of the facial nerve and temporal canal in the first one and carotid artery and the jugular foramen in the second one.
3

Anatomia topograficzna ucha srodkowego i wewnetrznego psa

86%
Wysocki J.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2006
|
tom 62
|
nr 03
318-322
The topographical anatomy of domestic animals, including that of dogs, has been insufficiently described in current literature. The present study aimed at a systematic measurement and anatomical description of selected size parameters of dog’s temporal bones by performing a dissection of 12 specimens (24 temporal bones). It was noted that the air spaces of dog’s temporal bones are well developed and form a pneumatic system fed with air by the Eustachian tube. The largest element of this system is the tympanic bulla which is situated relatively superficially and creates an important landmark facilitating surgery in the middle ear. After opening the tympanic bulla the promontory is clearly visible as well as all auditory ossicles and tendons of the intrinsic muscles. The study also revealed that the middle ear has several bony recesses, penetrating the majority of the walls of the tympanic cavity and creating almost completely separate compartments. One of these compartments is an air cell situated beneath the facial canal - posterior to the promontory. The facial nerve on this segment is deprived of its bony sheath, and creates a possible path of nerve damage by bacterial toxins during otitis media. Additionally, the proximity of the middle ear with other structures of skull is also important: the epitympanic recess of the middle ear is close to the venous temporal canal, and the region of the orifice of the Eustachian tube is close to the internal carotid artery canal. The semicircular canals are of considerable size, the greatest one being the superior canal and the smallest the posterior canal. Only 4, not 5 openings of semicircular canals in dog’s vestibules were studied because two of them possess common side paths in the bony labyrinth. From the parameters measured the most stable were vestibule size (2×3 mm), and the most variable - cochlea (5.85-7.4 mm of height) and tympanic cavity (14.2-22.6 mm of length). However none of the studied parameters was significantly correlated with skull length.
4

Anatomia topograficzna ucha srodkowego i wewnetrznego kota

86%
Wysocki J.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2006
|
tom 62
|
nr 04
432-436
The topographical anatomy of domestic animals, including cats, has hitherto not been thoroughly described. In the present study a systematic anatomical description and measurements of selected size parameters of temporal bones as well as skulls was performed on the basis of the dissection of twelve specimens (24 temporal bones). Air spaces of the middle ear in the cat are well developed, creating a pneumatic system where the Eustachian tube delivers fresh air. The greatest element of this system is the tympanic bulla. It is situated superficially and is an important landmark and an easy surgical path to the middle ear. After opening the tympanic bulla a bony septum is visible dividing the bulla into two parts: the ventro-medial and the dorso-lateral. Two openings communicate these almost fully separate spaces. One opening lies frontally to the promontory, another one is situated caudally to the round window niche. The tympanic cavity has several recesses, penetrating into its walls, and creating separate compartments to a certain degree. One of these compartments is epitympanic recess, embracing the head of the malleus and trunk of the incus, as well as an air cell beneath the facial canal, situated posteriorly to the promontory. The stapedius muscle is of considerable size, and is situated in the inferior part of the facial canal, superiorly to the oval window and partly rounded by the lateral semicircular canal. The semicircular canals are of considerable size also, although the superior one is the greatest and posterior one is the smallest. It was stated that in the cats vestibule there are only 4 not 5 openings for the semicircular canals, because of presence of two common crura. From among the measured size parameters the most stable were diameters of semicircular canals (about 3-4 mm), while the most variable - the size parameters of the tympanic cavity. The maximal height of the tympanic cavity, measured between two extreme points (tympanic bulla - epitympanic recess) was 13.2-16 mm, and the maximal length, measured from the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity to the internal opening of the Eustachian tube, was 14.8-18.6 mm. There was no parameter significantly correlated with the total length of the skull.
5

Droga sluchowa ssakow i jej podkorowe systemy funkcjonalne

72%
Malinowska M.
Kosmos
|
1998
|
tom 47
|
nr 3
327-340
6

Ucho środkowe - uszkodzenie błony bębenkowej

72%
Malkowska-Niedzielska J.
Weterynaria w Praktyce
|
2010
|
tom 07
|
nr 09
7
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The middle ear in multituberculate mammals

51%
Hurum J. H., Presley R., Kielan-Jaworowska Z.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
|
1996
|
tom 41
|
nr 3
253-275
The ear ossicles, preserved in skulls of a tiny Late Cretaceous multituberculate Chulsanbaatar vulgaris from Mongolia are arranged as in modern mammals. This makes the idea of an independent origin of the multituberculates from other mammals unlikely. We report the finding of ear ossicles in Mesozoic multituberculates. Three almost complete incudes and two fragments of malleus are described and compared with those reported in the Paleocene Lambdopsalis and in non-multituberculate mammals. In these Late Cretaceous multituberculates lateral expansion of the braincase is associated with the presence of sinuses and development of extensive masticatory musculature, but not by the expansion of the vestibule, which is moderately developed. It is argued that because of the lateral expansion of the multituberculate braincase, the promontorium is arranged slightly more obliquely with respect to the sagittal plane than in other mammals and the fenestra vestibuli faces anterolaterally, rather than laterally. This results in a corresponding alteration in orientation of the stapes. The epitympanic recess is situated more anteriorly with respect to the fenestra vestibuli than in other mammals. The recess is deep, and the incus must therefore be oriented somewhat vertically. The incus is roughly A-shaped, with crus breve subparallel to the axis of vibration of the malleus. This axis, approximately connecting the anterior process of the malleus and the crus breve of the incus, lies at 45-55º to the sagittal plane in Chulsanbaatar. Probably most multituberculates were similar in this respect. The fragments of the malleus show a very long anterior process, which agrees with the reconstruction of the malleus in Lambdopsalis by Meng & Wyss (1995), and with the partial malleus of Kyptobaatar, described by Rougier et al. (in press)
8

Koniec cichych dni

51%
Zaloga M. T.
Wiedza i Życie
|
2008
|
nr 04
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