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1

Provision of tricuspid valve leaflets by septal papillary muscles in the right ventricle of human and other mammal hearts

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Jezyk D., Jerzemowski J., Grzybiak M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2003
|
tom 62
|
nr 3
309-311
Leaflets of the tricuspid valve are provided by tendinous cords extending from the papillary muscles. The situation is complicated with the septal muscles, which generally occur in two groups, one as constant musculus coni arteriosi and the second as other variable septal muscles. We tested whether there is a variability in the provision of the tricuspid valve in different taxonomical groups of mammals. The material examined consisted of 299 hearts of mammals (Primates, Ungulata, Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Marsupialia). The musculus coni arteriosi in the majority of mammals provided only the front leaflet, but among Ungulata and Rodentia it provided simultaneously the front and septal leaflet. The other septal muscles provided the front, septal and even back leaflets. The following regularity was observed: in the hearts of Primates provision of the front leaflet and the front part of the septal leaflet predominated, among Ungulata the muscles provided the middle part of the septal leaflet, but among the other mammals the rest of the septal muscles provided, significantly, the back part of the septal leaflet. Such a provision was characteristic for predators, hares, rodents and marsupials. These circumstances may allow the conclusion to be drawn that there is a taxonomical dependence in the provision of the tricuspid valve in the hearts of the mammals under examination.
2

The morphology of the right atrioventricular valve in the adult human heart

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Skwarek M., Hreczecha J., Dudziak M., Grzybiak M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2006
|
tom 65
|
nr 3
200-208
Studies of the morphometry and normal anatomy of the tricuspid valve are in constant demand. Knowledge of the morphology of the normal tricuspid valve may be useful, for example in the context of the transfer of a leaflet of the tricuspid valve for repair or insufficiency of the mitral valve, in repair of the tricuspid valve after blunt chest trauma and in other surgical techniques of this region. In this study, performed in a group of 107 formalin-fixed adult human hearts, we attempted to assess the form and number of the main and accessory cusps in the tricuspid valve. Rare anatomical variants of the tricuspid valve were found. Using a planimeter we evaluated the surface area of the tricuspid valve and particular leaflets. With the help of a Vernier scale we measured the length and height of individual leaflets of the tricuspid valve and the length of the commissures. No differences were found between the length of the anterior and septal leaflets. The posterior leaflet was the shortest, while the anterior leaflet was the widest and had the largest surface area. The posterior leaflet was wider than the septal leaflet and had the smallest surface area. No differences were found between the main and accessory leaflets in the length of the commissures.
3

The connection between the papillary muscles and leaflets of the tricuspid valve

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Skwarek M., Dudziak M., Hreczecha J., Grzybiak M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2006
|
tom 65
|
nr 4
322-328
The tricuspid valve is more differentiated during evolutionary development than the mitral valve. In birds it is a muscular structure joined directly to the papillary muscles, although the mitral valve of birds resembles that of mammals. There have been well-known studies describing the evolutionary line of connection of the tricuspid valve with the papillary muscles. The present study was performed on a group of 107 formalin-fixed adult human hearts. The valves and papillary muscles were classified according to a scheme for human hearts drawn up earlier. The types of connection between leaflets of the tricuspid valve and the papillary muscles were classified according to a scheme drawn up earlier for vertebrates. We observed 3 types of connection between leaflets of the tricuspid valve and the papillary muscles in the group studied. The muscular and membranous connections were not linked with any one type of tricuspid valve. Atypical forms of distribution of the tendinous chords of the right ventricle were observed. It was found that valves with a higher number of leaflets were (with the exception of type 0) provided with a smaller number of tendinous chords. Atavistic features and atypical forms of distribution of the tendinous chords are present in a small percentage of samples of the human right valvular apparatus.
4

Notes on the morphology of the tricuspid valve in the adult human heart

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Skwarek M., Grzybiak M., Kosinski A., Hreczecha J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2004
|
tom 63
|
nr 3
Rapid progress in the field of interventional cardiology has caused research in the field of morphometry of the heart to be in constant demand [7–10, 12]. In this study, performed on a group of 75 adult human hearts, the authors have attempted to assess the form and number of the main and accessory cusps in the tricuspid valve. We have classified particular forms into 8 groups, depending on the number of cusps and we have divided the cusps into 3 main groups, depending on the support of the chordae tendineae.
5

Unusual anatomical features of the right atrioventricular valve

80%
Skwarek M., Hreczecha J., Grzybiak M., Kosinski A.
Folia Morphologica
|
2005
|
tom 64
|
nr 3
183-187
Despite the great interest taken in the tricuspid valve, the anatomical literature on the subject still leaves much open to question. The aim of this study was to describe the natural foramina which are present in the leaflets of the tricuspid valve, as well as, well — founded onto — and phylogenetically lack of continuity of its attachment and the frenula of the tricuspid valve. We studied the frequency of occurrence and morphology of these features of the tricuspid valve in 107 adult hearts.
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