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This report describes the effect of triacontanol on shoot multiplication and production of antioxidant compounds (carnosic acid, carnosol and rosmarinic acid) in S. officinalis cultures grown on MS basal medium (agar solidified medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 IAA, 0.45 mg l-1 BAP). It was found that shoot proliferation significantly increased when triacontanol at concentrations of 5, 10 or 20 µg l-1 was added to the medium. HPLC analysis of acetone and methanolic extracts of sage shoots showed that the production of diterpenoids, carnosic acid/carnosol ratio, as well as, contents of rosmarinic acid were also affected by the treatment with triacontanol. The highest stimulation effect of triacontanol was observed on the production of carnosol, where the treatment with 20 µg l l-1 increased the content of this diterpenoid 4.5-fold compared to that in the control (sage shoots growing on MS basal medium, only).
W doświadczeniu wazonowym na glebie brunatnej właściwej wytworzonej z piasku gliniastego mocnego o średniej zasobności w przyswajalny magnez, badano wpływ triacontanolu oraz triacontanolu stosowanego łącznie z siarczanem magnezu na plonowanie i gospodarkę mineralną owsa. Rośliny z obiektu kontrolnego opryskiwano wodą destylowaną, natomiast pozostałe triacontanolem (TRIA) o stężeniu: 0,1; 0,3 i 0,6 mg/l. Do dolistnego dokarmiania owsa użyto 5% wodny roztwór siarczanu magnezu. Jako emulgator stosowano Tween 80. Roztwory stosowano dwukrotnie w ilości około 20ml na wazon przed wysuwaniem wiech. Badania wykazały, że oprysk owsa samym triacontanolem wzmagał wzrost wydłużeniowy źdźbła, ograniczał liczbę ziarniaków w wiesze oraz masę ziarna na roślinę. Stosowanie triacontanolu w większym stężeniu łącznie z siarczanem magnezu przyczyniało się do zwiększenia masy ziarna oraz organów wegetatywnych owsa. Oprysk owsa triacontanolem i siarczanem magnezu łącznie powodował spadek zawartości azotu w ziarnie oraz wzrost koncentracji fosforu.
Liquid shoot culture of Salvia officinalis L. in MS medium containing IAA (0.1 mg l-1) and BAP (0.45 mg l-1) was developed and evaluated in relation to shoot multiplication and antioxidant compound (carnosic acid, carnosol and rosmarinic acid) accumulation. In the liquid medium, on average, 3 new shoots per explant (shoot tip) were obtained within 3 weeks. The shoots produced 8.2±0.02 mg of diterpenoids and 31.2±0.29 mg of rosmarinic acid per gram of dry weight. Shoot proliferation and diterpenoid content increased when triacontanol (5, 10 or 20 pg l-1) was added to the liquid medium. In optimum conditions (at 20 pg l-1 TRIA) almost 7 shoots were formed per explant after 3 weeks. An increase in diterpenoid production (expressed as the sum of carnosol and carnosic acid) ranged from 30% to 50% and dependended on triacontanol concentration tested. The level of diterpenoids in triacontanol-treated shoots was similar to the content of compounds in commercial herbal product (dried leaves of S. officinalis) (10-12 mg g-1 dry wt). Triacontanol did not increase rosmarinic acid production, but the content of the phenolic as compound in shoots grown in liquid culture (31 mg g-1 dry wt) was even 24 times higher compared to samples of dried leaves of S. officinalis plants. We also demonstrated that the highest amounts of CA, Car and RA were accumulated in young, top parts of sage shoots. This observation could be useful for improving the selection of material for the extraction of natural antioxidants from S. officinalis.
In pot experiments on cucumber cv. Śremski F1, the effect of short-term chilling on plants earlier treated with triacontanol (TRIA) and Asahi SL was investigated. These plants were grown in a phytotron at an air temperature of 27/22ºC (day/night), using fluorescent light with far flux density of 220 μmol x m-2 x s-1, with a photoperiod 16/8. At the 4th true leaf stage, the respective experimental series were sprayed with: 1) H2O – control, 2) TRIA 0.01, 3) TRIA 0.1, 4) TRIA 1.0 mg x dm-3, 5) Asahi SL 0.2, 6) Asahi SL 0.3%. After 24 hours one half of the plants from each experimental series was treated for a period of 3 days at a temperature of 12/6ºC, with all the other growth conditions unchanged. The obtained results have shown that short-term chilling stress caused a significant increase in electrolyte leakage, free proline content and in the activity of guaiacol peroxidase in leaves, but a decrease in chlorophyll a+b content, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthesis, leaf area and in the activity of catalase in leaves. The application of TRIA or ASAHI SL on leaves in the pre-stress period reduced the values of the traits which had been increased as a result of chilling and increased those which had reduced. Generally, TRIA was most effective at a concentration of 0.1 mg x dm-3, and Asahi SL at a concentration of 0.3%.
In pot experiments the influence of long chain aliphatic alcohols (hexacosanol - HEXA, octacosanol - OCTA and triacontanol - TRIA), which were used in concentration 0,001 mg dm-3 , on growth, assimilate partitioning and gas exchange of radish plants cv. „Krakowianka" and „Sopel lodu" were studied. The received results showed that triacontanol was characterized by higher physiological activity than remaining alcohols. TRIA significantly increased yield of mass, as well as it changed the pattern of distribution of assimilates in plants. Under its influence the rate of mass of leaves to mass of storage organs decreased as well as the share of mass of leaves in the total mass of both plant cultivars. TRIA stimulated the rate of net photosynthesis (Pn), howewer, it did not influence the other determined gas exchange parameters: substomatal concentration of C02 (ci), stomatal conductance for water vapour (gs) and rate of transpiration (Tr). Remaining alcohols (HEXA and OCTA) did not any influence on growth of plants and their gas exchange but only on distribution of biomass.
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