In her article, the author looks at the institutional performance of landlocked developing countries (LLDC) during 1996, 2003 and 2012 as she believes that the effectiveness of institutional mechanisms in the countries determine economic development as well as geographical issues. As an assessment of the performance of LLDC on institutional development is a complex issue which evolves over a period of time; a comparative and analytical-synthetic method is believed to be suitable for meeting the objectives of the research paper. We found out that the institutional component is underestimated in the Almaty Programme of Action (APoA) as the United Nations document addressing the special needs of LLDC. We recommend the next Programme of Action focus more on institutional reforms as far as market-friendly institutions are the primary instrument of achieving the economic prosperity of LLDC through raising a civil society, promoting a good business environment, attracting investment and improving trade efficiency.
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