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The study aimed to determine associations between diet’s composition and serum antioxidant potential in 29 women aged 19–22 years. The participants completed self-report questionnaires concerning health condition, body measures, dietary habits and supplements taken, and 3-day detailed diet records. Fasting blood samples were collected to assess total antioxidant status (TAS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in the serum. The women reported good health condition and lean body. The data concerning the TAS and FRAP methods demonstrated that the antioxidant potential was negatively correlated with saturated fat intake (r=-0.515 and r=-0.527, respectively), but not related to the intakes of protein, carbohydrate, mono- and polyunsaturated fats, cholesterol and antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, β-carotene, α-tocopherol). The TAS antioxidant activity of the serum was signifi cantly lower in the top vs. bottom quartile of the saturated fat intake, which corresponds to a consumption of at least 29 g saturated fat vs. intake below 19.7 g. The FRAP value in the highest quartile of the saturated fat intake was also reduced and close to significance. This study shows that the studied group of young women exposed to diets, which contained high amounts of saturated fat, are prone to risk of oxidative stress.
 Although the term "antioxidant" is used very frequently, there are problems with the definition of antioxidants and estimation of antioxidant activity. The distinction between antioxidant and antiradical activities is not always obvious. This minireview discusses critically the principles, advantages and limitations of the most frequently used methods of estimation of antiradical and antioxidant activities.
Cerebral metabolism of glucose, one of the determinants of tissue ATP level, is crucial for the CNS function. The activity of P-type pumps: Na+, K+-ATPase, Ca+2-ATPase and Mg+2-ATPase were examined in rat brain synaptosomes to determine if changes in the enzyme activity related to aging are potentially associated with alterations in glucose homeostasis. Male Wistar rats (newborn, 3- and 18-month-old) were sacrificed by decapitation and synaptic plasma membranes were isolated from brains. In vivo study demonstrated that 18-month-old rats were characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and increased total antyoxidative status (TAS) level. These conditions had a different impact on activities of the ATPases tested in vivo: only the activity of Ca+2-ATPase decreased whereas that of Mg+2-ATPase increased significantly. In vitro experiments, prior incubation of isolated synaptosomes with glucose of concentrations corresponding to normoglycemia in vivo (4.5 - 6.5 mM), stimulated Ca+2-ATPase activity, whereas higher glucose concentrations (10.0 - 12.5 mM) inhibited significantly the enzyme activity. The most sensitive to hyperglycemia appeared Na+, K+-ATPase in old rats synaptosomes with the progressive decline starting at 6.5 mM glucose. The activity of Mg+2-ATPase was not inhibited in vitro even at high glucose concentrations that may explain the increased in vivo, activity of this enzyme in old, hyperglycemic rats.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of -ketoglutarate on redox state parameters and arterial elasticity in elderly mice. Mice in the control group were fed with standard diet, while the experimental animals received the diet supplemented either with calcium (Ca-AKG) or sodium salt of -ketoglutarate (Na-AKG). The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups with 10 individuals in each: control I (12 months old), control II (2 months old), experimental group I fed with Ca-AKG (12 months old) and experimental group II fed with Na-AKG (12 months old). Mice treated with Ca-AKG as well as the control II animals demonstrated significantly higher level of total antioxidant status (TAS), comparing to the control I animals and those treated with Ca-AKG. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level in blood plasma was found significantly lower in young and Ca-AKG treated mice. TBARS liver concentration was significantly different in each examined group. The study also demonstrates the decrease in TBARS level in Ca-AKG treated animals. Treatment with Na-AKG significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity and decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase. The presented results suggest that Ca-AKG protects the organism against the free radicals related elderly processes. The study presents also the effect of Ca-AKG treatment on arterial elastic characteristics in elderly mice. The beneficial effect of Ca-AKG on ageing organisms was confirmed via redox state stabilization and blood vessel elasticity improvement.
Severe burn injury is associated with damage of tissues and organs distant to the area of injury. Although different agents are suggested to play an important role in pathogenesis of the burn disease, disturbed balance between the development of reactive oxygen forms and activity of antioxidants can play a pivotal role. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the intensity of lipid peroxidation process in plasma and lung tissues as well as the antioxidant ability of rats subjected to severe burn injury during 48 hrs after the injury. Our results show that severe burn injury causes a significant increase in the level of lipid peroxides in plasma and lung tissues, with a concomitant increase in superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) activity in erythrocytes during 48 hrs of the postburn period. Glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) activity in whole blood was significantly higher during the first postburn day and then decreased becoming lower than that found in the healthy subjects. Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and the level of uric acid in plasma also increased. Thus, we conclude that severe burn injury causes the imbalance between the intensity of the lipid peroxidation process and the antioxidant ability of the organism and this can play an important role in the pathophysiology of the burn disease.
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