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Co-occurrence of granulocytic anaplasmosis, borreliosis and babesiosis in humans is a result of common vectors for the respective pathogens of these diseases, most commonly ticks from the genus Ixodes. Studies on ticks in Europe and also in Poland have shown that several pathogens may co-occur in individuals of I. ricnus. A total of 96 hospitalised patients infected or suspected of being infected with borreliosis were screened for A. phagocytophilum and Babesia sp. DNA. Positive results of PCRs for A. phagocytophilum DNA were obtained for 10 patients, 8 of whom were diagnosed with borreliosis earlier, and 4 of whom were diagnosed with tick-borne encephalitis (on the basis of serological studies of serum and cerebrospinal fluid). None of the 10 patients had clinical or biochemical markers of anaplasmosis, corroborating the existence of asymptomatic anaplasmosis or self-limiting course. in Europe. Similarly, Babesia DNA was not found in the blood of any of the patients. The results of the studies show that in diagnosing tick-borne diseases, clinical examinations should consider infection by two or even three tick-borne pathogens.
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) is an arthropod-borne virus, an etiologic agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), an infection involving the central nervous system. The disease is endemic in a large region in Eurasia where it is transmitted mainly by Ixodes ricinus in Europe and I. persulcatus ticks in Asia. This is the most important tick-transmitted arbovirus of human pathogenicity in Europe. The Białowieża Primeval Forest is a well-known endemic focus of tick-borne encephalitis. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of tickborne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in European bison, the important hosts of ticks in the Białowieża Primeval Forest. In the years 2005–2009, 95 blood samples were collected from European bison and examined for the presence of TBEV using nRT-PCR method. No positive results were obtained. For better understanding of TBEV vertebrate reservoir hosts in Poland, further investigations are needed.
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