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This study compares the quality of rapeseed oils produced by different methods and stored under different conditions. The following oxidation parameters were determined in the analysed oils: acid value, peroxide value, anisidine value and Totox value. The evaluated quality parameters were: saponification value, iodine value, colour and fatty acid profile. In the group of the analysed products, Kropla Zdrowia – cold pressed rapeseed oil that was refrigerated in a dark glass bottle – was characterised by high quality (AV = 0, PV = 0.05 meq O2·kgˉ¹, FFA = 0.4 mg KOH·gˉ¹, Totox value = 0). In the cold pressed Organic Virgin oil stored in a clear glass bottle at room temperature, peroxide value, acid value and Totox value were above the norm at PV = 5.6 meq O2·kgˉ¹, FFA = 4.27 mg KOH·gˉ¹ and Totox value = 13. The analysed products were characterised by similar fatty acid profiles, and Kropla Zdrowia oil had a higher content of oleic acid (by 10% on average) and a lower total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid (by 11% on average) in comparison with the remaining products. All oils conformed to standard saponification values. The examined oils differed in colour, and pressed oils were darker. Three of the analysed products – Rapso, Olej Kujawski and Kropla Zdrowia – received high scores in a sensory evaluation. The lower scores noted in the remaining oils probably resulted from lower production standards and inadequate storage.
The aim of research was determination of the content of selected constituents (dry matter, ash, α-aminonitrogen, reducing sugars, Mg, Ca, K), of sugar beet roots grown under conservation tillage using mulch from straw, winter rye and winter vetch, as well as two levels of nitrogen fertilization. This experiment was conducted between 2007–2010 at the Experimental Station of University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wroclaw. From among conservation tillage systems of sugar beet, the highest amount of ash was found in roots grown under rye mulch and the lowest one was found in roots collected from plots under fore-crop straw mixed with harrow. Sugar beet roots under mustard mulch had the best technological quality (the lowest amount of α-amino-nitrogen) while the worst quality was observed under winter vetch mulch.
Technological quality of grain and flour of milling mixtures ‘Omega’ + ’Igna’ + ’Henika’ and ‘Omega’ + ’Igna’ + ’Banti’, made of three varieties of grain mixed in equal proportion were compared to quality of wheat which was cultivated in mixtures of the same varieties. Before sowing those varieties were compiled in equal proportion. ‘Omega’ and ‘Igna’ are varieties susceptible to infestation by fungi unlike ‘Henika’ and ‘Banti’ varieties. Wheat was cultivated with or without fungicide protection. Hectolitre weight, content of low molecular SDS-soluble protein and number of insoluble protein in flour were more profitable for mixtures made of pure stands than variety mixtures. As far as vitreousness of grain, milling properties of grain, content of protein in grain and SDS + ME-soluble protein are concerned the quality of variety mixtures was higher for the variety mixture in comparison with mixtures made of pure stands. Fungicide protection in the cultivation of pure varieties and varieties mixtures increased value of hectolitre weight and filling and uniformity of grain
Glucans of pseudo cereal starches with significant differences in their branching pattern - amaranth, quinoa and buckwheat - were investigated upon the correlation of their molecular characteristics with technological properties. Consistency of glucan conformation, in particular persistance against elevated temperature, acidic pH and mechanical stress was investigated with respect to consequences on molecular and supermolecular structures of starch/DMSO-solutions. For analytical purposes starch glucans were separated by semi-preparative size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and obtained fractions were tested upon their iodine-complexing potential. Amaranth was found to be short chain branched (scb ≡ amylopectin type); quinoa to be scb-type, but consisting of longer branches than amaranth; buckwheat was found to be a mixture of scb-glucans with approx. 24% of long- chain branched (lcb ≡ amylose-type) glucans. Molecular weight (degree of polymerization) for DMSO-dissolved starches was determined absolutely by means of aqueous SEC. Weight average molecular weights (Mw) were found close to 12-106 g/M for the investigated samples. Dimensions of starch glucan coils were estimated from SEC-data combined with universal calibration: values between 2-40 nm were found without significant differences for the three starches. However, in spite of these minor differences, the investigated starches differ significantly in their inter- and intramolecular interaction potential. Thus, obviously interaction potentials are strongly controlled by branching patterns, glucan-coil packing densities and by the ability to form supermolecular structures.
The influence of year, weather conditions, cultivars and variants of Atonik and Polybor 150 applications on sugar beet root yield and digestion was observed in field polyfactorial trial. We observed that the most optimal variant for yield (58.87 t·ha-1) and digestion (19.90°S) was the variant C (Atonik: 0.4 dm3·ha-1 - 2. post-emergence herbicide application + Atonik + Polybor 150: 0.6 + 2.5 dm3·ha-1 - 3. postemergence herbicide application + Atonik + Polybor 150: 0.6 + 2.5 dm3·ha-1 - 1. fungicide treatment). Significant root yield values achieved the cv. Flair (+ 1.28 t·ha-1 compared with Swing) and digestion values achieved the cv. Swing (+ 0.26°S compared with cv. Flair). The highest root yield (70.68 t·ha-1) and digestion (24.85°S) were achieved in 2002 and 2004 at the cv. Swing.
Określono zmiany wybranych wyróżników jakościowych dwóch odmian pszenicy ozimej (Rysa, Mobela) poddanej przedsiewnej stymulacji laserowej (laser He-Ne), stosując 1, 2 i 3-krotne naświetlanie nasion. W ziarnie i mące odmian analizowano masę tysiąca ziaren, szklistość, zawartość białka i glutenu oraz poziom wskaźnika sedymentacji i liczby opadania. Uzyskane wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej. Reakcja odmian na naświetlanie światłem lasera zależała od krotności naświetlań. Dla odmiany Rysa stwierdzono istotny wzrost masy 1000 ziaren w odniesieniu do próbki kontrolnej. Wielkość zmian zależała od krotności naświetlań. Obie odmiany reagowały obniżeniem wartości liczby opadania w porównaniu z ziarnem nie naświetlanym. Dla odmiany Mobela po zastosowaniu 2 dawek napromieniowana stwierdzono wzrost udziału ziaren szklistych w porównaniu z ziarnem kontrolnym. Wartości pozostałych wskaźników jakości technologicznej badanych odmian ulegały modyfikacji po zastosowaniu stymulacji laserowej, ale zmiany nie były statystycznie istotne.
In the years 2004-2006 with winter rye was conducted the research, both in a field experiment and in laboratory conditions, on the effect of chlorsulfuron (Glean 75 WG) and iodosulfuron methyl-sodium + mesosulfuron methyl (Atlantis 04 WG), used in 3-4 leaf stage in the autumn and plants at full tillering in the spring, on yielding and grain quality of two hybrid cultivars; Fernando F1 and Stach F1. The results obtained proved that winter rye, cultivated on black soil of the IIa class, produced high yield regardless plant cultivar, as well as applied herbicides which did not have a phytotoxic effect on plant growth and development. Neither the yield nor mass of 1000 grains was essentially affected by the use of herbicides or a date of their application. The mentioned parameters varied due to the course of weather conditions during the plant growing season. The examined herbicides did not significantly affect such characteristics as: protein content, falling number, equalization and density of grain.
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