The study characterized inactivated subunit vaccines; DNA vaccines; live, attenuated, gene-deleted vaccines; live recombinant vector vaccines and marker vaccines. This group of new generation vaccines, developed by the use of genetic engineering, was compared with conventional vaccines, based on microbiologic techniques. It was shown that vaccines based on modern technology extend the possibilities of immunoprophylaxis and control of infectious diseases in animals. They contribute to lowering the frequency of post-vaccination complications. Simultaneously, they provide higher efficacy and long-term protective immunity, due to the presence of protective antigens without immunity inhibiting factors as well as modern adjuvants (e.g. ISCOM). Marker vaccines provide the basis for serologically differentiating vaccinated animals from infected animals and from vaccinated and simultaneously infected animals, which has been defined as DIVA strategy. This approach facilitates partial replacement of the stamping-out method of animals during outbreaks of the disease both within their epicenter and perimeters thereby reducing losses caused by dangerous epizootic diseases such as foot and mouth disease, classical swine fever, Aujeszkys disease and avian influenza.
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