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Late Frasnian–Early Famennian entomozoacean ostracod assemblages from the Płucki section in the Holy Cross Mountains were studied to establish the effect of the “Kellwasser bio−event” on the planktonic biodiversity and faunal content. The composition of ostracod assemblages changes from a moderately diverse (10 species) Entomoprimitia–Richterina– Nehdentomis–Nandania dominated “background” assemblage characterising a pre−event interval, to an Entomoprimitia−assemblage during the event interval, and finally to a Franklinella−dominated post−event assemblage in the Middle Palmatolepis triangularis conodont Zone. The Frasnian–Famennian extinction caused substantial losses among entomozoacean lineages. In the Płucki section it occurred in two closely spaced steps within the Palmatolepis linguiformis conodont Zone. The first step, at the base of the dark cephalopod limestone (Upper Kellwasser Horizon), reduced the abundance and the species diversity of entomozoaceans to only two Entomoprimitia species. The vacant niche was then filled by the new, immigrant species Entomoprimitia (Entomoprimitia) kayseri which is dominant in the Upper Kellwasser interval. All these species were lost at the second step within the Upper Kellwasser Horizon. The entomozoaceans remained virtually absent during a long time interval between the end−Frasnian crisis and the Middle Pa. triangularis Zone. They reappear as new species from refugia lineages (Franklinella, Nehdentomis) and became widespread, indicating favourable ecological conditions. Some 13 species have been identified and assigned to seven genera. Rabienella? lagowiensis sp. nov. is proposed.
A comparative analysis of three regional groups of phytocoenoses dominated by Phragmites australis was undertaken in order to find if they reveal any interregional differentiation in the habitat (water and substratum) conditions and if the differences are followed by floristic composition. A group of 60 phytocoenoses studied in mesotrophic and (mostly) eutrophic lakes of midwestern Poland were compared to two groups investigated in moderately nutrient-rich lakes of northeastern Poland (32 phytocoenoses) and nutrient-poor lakes of northern Poland (20 phytocoenoses). Statistical analyses revealed significant habitat differences. Although the groups of phytocoenoses were studied in different regions and different types of water bodies, they occupied habitats poor in bioavailable forms of nutrients in water and organic matter content and sodium in the substratum, which is inconsistent with the general opinion concerning the reed community as indicative for the high trophy level of lakes. Floristic differences among the studied groups of phytocoenoses are not significant in phytocoenotic terms and relate more to the type of lakes than to established habitat differences. This might suggest that the habitat-forming power of Phragmites australis is the main factor to influence habitat properties.
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