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Epicuticular components from the surface of flag leaves and ears of the triticale cultivars were identified by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. After separating dichloromethane extracts of flag leaves and ears, the major chemicals of the LAD 898 cultivar were 14,16- hentriacontanedione (39.01 V40.21%) and lauric acid 2-(hexadecyloxy)-3-(octadecyloxy) propyl ester (15.22%-23.02%), while waxes of flag leaves and ears of MSx366 contained a high percentage of octacosane and triacontane. The results presented here suggest that 14,16-hentriacontanedione and lauric acid 2-(hexadecyloxy)-3-(octadecyloxy) propyl ester might be responsible for resistance of waxy triticale to the grain aphid.
The surface chemicals occurring within epicuticular wax layer of heavily covered with waxes and wax-less triticale were analysed. Dichloromethane extracts of flag leaves and ears were separated using gas chromatography and mass spectrometer GC-MS, Shimadzu QP 5050A, equipped with Zebron ZB-5 column (30 m x 0,25 mm). Obtained results showed the 14,16-hentriacontanedione (C₃₁H₆₀O₂) and lauric acid 2-(hexadecyloxy)-3-(octadecyloxy) propyl ester (C₄₉H₉₈O₄) only in extracts from the heavy waxy cultivar. Thus further study is needed to confirm if these compounds play an important role as triticale resistant factors towards the grain aphid.
Morphological, anatomical and chemical plant properties play an important role during host’s recognition by the aphids. Removal of the surface compounds with the use of organic solvents clearly increased studied parameters of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae and bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphun padi on the waxy genotype RAH 122. Moreover, extracts from RAH 122 genotype applied on of wax-less genotype RAH 366, significantly decreased the number of alate forms and percentage of infested plants by both aphid species.
The purpose of the research was to assess the number of aphids in two different winter triticale genotypes. The effect of winter triticale genotypes mixtures was determined on the base of aphids’ number and percentage of infested plants. Field observations were performed on IHAR Radzików experimental plots in two seasons (2008 and 2009). The results presented here suggested that the aphid number and number of infested plants in mixture were lower than in pure stands. Waxy genotype (RAH 116−3/90) was more resistant to the cereal aphids than the wax-less genotype RAH 325/95. In addition, Sitobion avenae showed a higher level of studied population parameters then Rhopalosiphum padi on the triticale genotypes.
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