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Excessive amounts of Ni alter the micronutrients status of plants. In turn, S not only plays a pivotal role in plant growth but is also involved in enhancing stress tolerance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Ni and S on the micronutrients status in spring wheat. Three S-sulphate levels (2-standard, 6, and 9 mM) and four Ni treatments (0, 0.0004, 0.04, and 0.08 mM) in Hoagland’s nutrient solution were applied for 2 weeks. Ni excess at the standard S level generally reduced Mn, Mo, and Zn as well as increased Cl content in roots and shoots, reduced shoot B content without changes in the root content of this element, whilst Fe and Cu content rose in roots and decreased in shoots. The translocation of Fe and Cu from roots to shoots was repressed, but that of Mo was enhanced. The Mn and Zn translocation depended on Ni concentration, while that of B and Cl remained unaffected. Intensive S nutrition of Ni-exposed wheat, as a rule, elevated root and shoot Fe, B, Cl, Mn, and Zn content and increased root Cu content. Simultaneously, various changes in Fe, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Zn translocation were found. Our results imply that intensive S nutrition can effectively improve the micronutrient status in wheat hampered by Ni.
A combination of low fat (6.1 and 4.8% of dry matter), high protein (78.6 and 84.3% d.m.) and mineral content (6.3 and 6.2% d.m.), as well as high moisture (80.8 and 81.7% of fresh matter), which is typical of Antarctic benthic fish, was found in the muscle of Notothenia coriiceps and Lepidonotothen nudifrons, respectively. Fish food items (whole amphipods) were high in minerals (34.3% d.m.) and poor in protein (39.1% d.m.), while macroalgae presented an association of high moisture (89% of wet matter), high minerals (36.5% d.m.), low lipids (1.8% d.m.) and very low protein (17.5% d.m.). The poor nutritional value of these food items seems to be compensated for by high food intake. Sulfur levels in fish tissues were negatively related to fish size. Sulfur and nitrogen were inter-correlated strongly and positively, and most of the sulfate is probably derived in muscle and liver from sulfur-containing amino acids.
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