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The aim of the study was to establish to what degree the 24-week exposure of a rat to 5 and 50 mg Cd/dm³ affects the proliferating activity of cells with PCNA and Ki-67 nuclear immunoreactivity in the submandibular gland cells. The control animals received only redistilled water to drink. The group I rats were given 5 mg Cd/dm³, while the group II animals were given 50 mg Cd/dm³. The highest concentration of cadmium was observed in group II, with a concomitant increase in the number of PCNA-positive cells. In group I, cadmium concentration was significantly less compared to group II, and there were fewer PCNA-positive cells. The reaction for Ki-67 in both experimental groups was negative.
The studies have aimed at ultrasonographic appraisal of deep cervical lymph nodes in 54 patients with lymphonodular form of toxoplasmosis. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was confirmed by positive specific serological test using ELFA technique (VidasToxo, BioMerieux), ISAGA and DA tests or EIA assay (BioMerieux) which permitted to detect antibodies of IgM and IgG classes. Independently of the disease stage (early, subsiding or chronic) enlarged deep lymph nodes were demonstrated most frequently in the submandibular region, close to the rear pole of submandibular gland; under the upper and middle parts of sternocleidomastoid muscle (less frequently). Echogenic abilities of deep cervical lymph nodes was nonuniform, most frequently low in patients with early stage and subsiding stage (84.6% among 26 patients of two groups) indicating activity of the process. This was associated with high IgG antibody titres and presence of IgM antibodies (in 80.7% cases). In patients with chronic transformation of the process, lymph nodes of increased and high echogenicity prevailed (60.7%) and more frequently dense streaks (57.1% cases) suggesting initial fibrosis of lymph nodes was manifested. Ultrasonography represents an imaging technique which is valuable in detection of pathology of deep cervical lymph nodes inaccessible to palpation and appraisal of their topography, number, size and sonographic density in patients with various stages of lymphonodular toxoplasmosis. It significantly supplements clinical estimates of activity of toxoplasmosis.
Work in cadmium (Cd) smelter and smoking cigarettes damages teeth and oral mucosa which are protected by tissue and salivary glycoconjugates: glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans. We worked out a rat model imitating human "envi­ronmental" and "occupational" exposure to cadmium using 5 mg Cd and 50 mg Cd/l in drinking water, respectively. In submandibulary glands of exposed to Cd rats, we found the time and dose dependent accumulation of Cd and simultanous decrease in activity of ß-N-acetylhexosaminidase (HEX). In homogenates of submandibulary glands of control rats, ß-N-acetylhexosa- minidase showed the highest activity. The activities of a-mannosidase and ß-galacto- sidase were very low. None of these exoglycosidases were inhibited by Cd even at 44 mM concentration.
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